2013年職稱英語理工類C級真題及答案

第1部分：詞匯選項

下面每個句子中均由1個詞或短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意思最接近的選項。

1、 I grabbed his arm and made him turn to look at me.

A. seized B. threw C. broke D. stretched

2、 Traffic reaches its rush hour between 8:00 and 9:00 in the morning.

A. border B. goal C. peak D. level

3、 It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.

A. right B. obvious C. unbelievable D. unclear

4、 I tried to detach myself from the reality of these terrible events.

A. bring B. separate C. put D. set

5、 We found shelter from the rain under the trees.

A. defense B. standing C. protection D. room

6、 This was an unexceptionally brutal attack.

A. open B. cruel C. sudden D. direct

7、 She gets aggressive when she is drunk.

A. worried B. sleepy C. offensive D. anxious

8、 We have to change the public's perception that money is everything.

A. sight B. belief C. interest D. pressure

9、 The odd thing was that he didn't recognize me.

A. real B. whole C. strange D. same

10、 He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.

A. taught B. kept C. attracted D. changed

11、 That performance was pretty impressive.

A. completely B. very C. beautifully D. equally

12、 The frame needs to be strong enough to support the engine.

A. bottom B. surface C. top D. structure

13、 She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.

A. passed by B. took a notice of C. woke up D. found by chance

14、 "There is no other choice," she said in a harsh voice.

A. firm B. soft C. deep D. unkind

15、 I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.

A. about B. at C. with D. from

第2部分：閱讀判斷

下面的短文后列出了7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個句子做出判斷;如果該句提的是正確信息，請選擇A;如果該句提的是錯誤信息，請選擇B;如果該句的信息文中沒有提及，請選擇C。

Wide World of Robots

Engineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs. These researchers tinker (修補(bǔ)) with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices. "They're the best toys out there," says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh. Choset is a roboticist, a person who designs, builds or programs robots.

When Choset was a kid, he was interested in anything that moved - cars, trains, animals. He put motors on Tinkertoy cars to make them move. Later, in high school, he built mobile robots similar to small cars.

Hoping to continue working on robots, he studied computer science in college. But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, Choset's labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars: robotic snakes. Some robots can move only forward, backward, left and right. But snakes can twist (扭曲) in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain (地形). "Snakes are far more interesting than the cars," Choset concluded.

After he started working at Carnegie Mellon, Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. Choset's team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes, such as sliding and inching forward. The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don't, such as rolling. Choset's snake robots could crawl (爬行) through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.

But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient's chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the oparation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?

Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.

A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.

Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations, "I still don't get bored of watching the motion of my robots," Choset says.

16、 Choset began to build robots in high school.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

17、 Snake robots could move in only four directions.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

18、 Choset didn't begin developing his own snake robots until he started working at Carnegie Mellon.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

19、 Choset's snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

20、 The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

21、 Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

22、 The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome profit to Medrobotics.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

Ecosystem

1. The word "ecosystem" is short for ecological (生態(tài)的) system. An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. You can say that an ecosystem is the natural environment where biological organisms (生物) such as plants, animals and humans co-exist in this world. So naturally that includes you and me. Yes, we are all members of an ecosystem!

2. There are different kinds of ecosystems depending on the type of surface or environment. Most are naturally made such as the ocean or lake and the desert or rainforest. Some are man-made or artificial to encourage cohabitation (興居) between living and non-living things in a monitored environment, such as a zoo or garden.

3. Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem, and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. Plants raised in the earth need air and collect sunlight to help them grow. When they grow, the plants and their fruits or flowers eventually become a source of food to animals, microorganisms (微生物) and even humans, of course. Food is then converted to energy for the rest of us to function, and this happens in a never-ending cycle until the living creatures die and break up back in the earth.

4. Ecosystems are the basis of survival for all living things. We depend on plants and animals for food. In order for us to exist, we need to grow and care about other organisms. We also need to care for the non-living things within our environment like our air and water so we can continue living as a population. Since plants, animals and humans are all of various species (物種), we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem.

5. To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy, which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. Humans should not disturb the natural habitat (棲息地) of plants and animals, and allow them to grow healthily for the cycle to continue. Too many people in a habitat can mean displacement (搬遷): imagine being thrown out of your home because there is no more space for everyone. Worse, overpopulation can also ruin the environment and cause destruction of existing plants and animals.

23、A. What can we do to help protect ecosystems? B. What are different types of ecosystems?

C. What is an ecosystem? D. What destroys ecosystems?

E. How does an ecosystem work? F. Why are ecosystems important?

23. Paragraph 2______.

24、 Paragraph 3______.

25、 Paragraph 4______.

26、 Paragraph 5______.

27、A. our share of resources B. a biological creature

C. a given area D. the maintenance of the ecosystem

E. the source of food F. various species

27. In an ecosystem, plants, animals and humans live together in______.

28、 Plants are essential in an ecosystem because to other living creatures they are______.

29、 Plants, animals and humans are all effective in______.

30、 To protect our ecosystems we should not use more than______.

第4部分：閱讀理解

第一篇

Energy and Public Lands

The United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production; the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing (租賃), both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.

In 2000, 32 percent of US oil, 35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands, representing 20,000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.

Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State governments. In 1999, for example, $553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury, and non- Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues, of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year, federal land managers authorize (許可) rights of way for transmission lines, rail systems, pipelines, and other facilities related to energy production and use.

Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production, though the amount is still significant. For example, federal geothermal (地毯) resources produce about 7.5 billion kilowatt-hours (千瓦時) of electricity per year, 47 percent of all electricity generated from US geothermal energy. There are 2,960 wind turbines on public lands in California alone, producing electricity for about 300,000 people. Federal hydropower (水電) facilities produce about 17 percent of all hydropower produced in the United States.

Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources, pressure on public lands to meet US energy demands is becoming more intense. Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. If development of energy resources conflicts with management or use of other resources, development restrictions or impact moderation measures may be enforced, or mineral production may be banned altogether.

31、 What is the main idea of this passage?

A. Public lands are one of the main sources of revenues.

B. Public lands should be developed to ease energy shortage.

C. Public lands play an important role in energy production.

D. Public lands store huge energy resources for further development.

32、 Which of the following statements is true of public lands in the U.S.?

A. Half of US energy is produced there.

B. Most of coal was produced from there in 2000.

C. Most energy resources are reserved there.

D. The majority of undiscovered natural gas is stored there.

33、 Geothermal resources, wind turbines, and hydropower facilities in Paragraph 4 are cited as examples to illustrate that

A. alternative energy production is no less than conventional energy production.

B. they are the most typical conventional energy resources from public lands.

C. geothermal resources are more important than the other two.

D. the amount of alternative energy production from public lands is huge.

34、 There is a mounting pressure on public lands to satisfy US energy demands because

A. many Americans are unhappy with energy development in foreign countries.

B. the U.S. is demanding more and more energy.

C. quite a few public lands are banned for energy development.

D. many Americans think public lands are being abused.

35、 Public lands can be used for energy development when

A. they go through the land use planning process.

B. energy development restrictions are effective.

C. federal land managers grant permissions.

D. there is enough federal budget.

第二篇

When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach

Our senses aren't just delivering a strict view of what's going on in the world; they're affected by what's going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who've just eaten.

Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Rémi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis, France, wanted to investigate how this happens.

Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain's high-level thinking processes get involved. Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.

For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about 1/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they'd seen-a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.

Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception, not in thinking processes, Radel says. "This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs." Radel says.

36、 "Poorer children" and "hungry people" are mentioned in Paragraph 2 to show

A. humans' senses are influenced by what's going on in their heads.

B. they have sharper senses than others.

C. they lose their senses because of poverty and hunger.

D. humans' senses are affected by what they see with their eyes.

37、 There was a delay in Radel's experiment because

A. he needed more students to join.

B. he didn't prepare enough food for the 42 students.

C. he wanted two groups of participants, hungry and non-hungry.

D. he didn't want to have the experiment at noon.

38、 Why did the 80 words flash so fast and at so small a size on the screen?

A. To ensure the participant was unable to perceive anything.

B. To guarantee each word came out at the same speed and size.

C. To shorten the time of the experiment.

D. To make sure the participant had no time to think consciously.

39、 Radel's experiment discovered that hungry people

A. were more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.

B. were better at identifying neutral words.

C. were always thinking of food-related words.

D. saw every word more clearly than stomach-lull people.

40、 It can be learnt from what Radel says that

A. humans' thinking processes are independent of their senses.

B. an experiment with hungry and non-hungry participants is not reliable.

C. humans can perceive what they need without deep thinking processes.

D. 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation.

第三篇

The Development of Ballet

Ballet is a dance form that has a long history. The fact that it survives to this day shows that it has adjusted as times have changed.

Ballet began in the royal courts during the Renaissance. At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. As these entertainments moved from the Italian courts to the French ones, court ladies began participating in them. Though their long dresses prevented much movement, they were able to perform elaborate walking patterns. It was not until the 1600s that women dancers shortened their skirts, changed to flat shoes, and began doing some of the leaps and turns performed by men.

It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. In the late 1700s another important change occurred. Ballet began to tell a story on its own. It was no longer simply dance to be performed between acts of plays. Elaborate wigs and costumes were eliminated. By the early 1800s dancers learned to rise on their toes to make it appear that they were floating.

Classical ballet as we know it today was influenced primarily by Russian dancing. The Russians remained interested in ballet when it declined in other European countries in the mid-IS00s. One of the most influential figures of the early 20th century was Sergei Diaghilev. His dance company, the Ballets Russes, brought a new energy and excitement to ballet. One of his chief assistants, George Balanchine, went on to found the New York City Ballet in 1948 and to influence new generations of dancers.

41、 This passage deals mainly with

A. famous names in ballet. B. how ballet has developed.

C. Russian ballet. D. why ballet is no longer popular.

42、 The word "pageants" in Paragraph 2 means

A. big shows. B. dances. C. instructions. D. royal courts.

43、 Professional ballet was first performed in

A. France. B. Italy. C. Russia. D. America.

44、 Who had an important influence on early ballet?

A. Balanchine. B. Antoinette. C. Diaghilev. D. Louis XIV.

45、 We can conclude from this passage that ballet

A. is a dying art. B. will continue to change.

C. is currently performed only in Russia. D. is often performed by dancers with little training

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文

下面的短文有5處空白，短文后面有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將其分別放回原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章面貌。

A Doctor in the House

Brushing your teeth twice a day should keep the dentist away. But if a group of scientific researchers have their wish, it will make the rest of your body healthy too. (46) It is one of many gadgets (小裝置) proposed by engineers and doctors at the Center for Future Health in New York -others include a pair of glasses that help to jog your memory, and a home camera designed to check for cancer.

The devices seem fanciful, but the basic principles are simple. The gadgets should make it easy for people to detect illness long before it strikes and so seek treatment far earlier than normal. (47) In the long run, the technology may even prevent illness by encouraging us to lead healthier lives.

Intelligent bandages (繃帶) are a good example. Powerful sensors within the bandage could quickly identify tiny amounts of bacteria in a wound and determine which antibiotics (抗生素) would work best. (48)

Socks are long overdue for a makeover. In the future they will be able to automatically detect the amount of pressure in your foot and alert you when an ulcer (潰瘍) is coming up.

All the projects should have far-reaching implications, but the biggest single development is a melanoma (黑瘤) monitor designed to give early warnings of cancer. (49) If a problem is found, the system would advise you to get a check-up at your doctor's surgery.

If all this sounds troublesome, then help is at hand. (50) A standard computer would be able to understand your voice and answer questions about your symptoms in plain English and in a way which would calm your nerves.

A. Experts are also working on a "digital doctor", complete with a comforting bedside manner.

B. Instead of relying on hi-tech hospitals, the emphasis is shifted to the home and easy-to-use gadgets.

C. The cut could then be treated instantly, so avoiding possible complications.

D. That is going to be the difficult part.

E. The device could be used to take a picture of your body each week, then compare it with previous images.

F. A toothbrush that checks blood sugar and bacteria while you brush is currently in development in USA.

第6部分：完形填空

下面的短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。

Giant Structures

It is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modern world since every year more (51) constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our (52) although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.

The Petronas Twin Towers

The Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999. With a (53) of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur. At the 41st floor, the towers are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city. The American (54) Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers.

Constructed of high-strength concrete, the building provides around 1,800 square metres of office space (55) every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base. Other (56) of this impressive building include double-decker lifts, and glass and steel sunshades.

The Millau Bridge

The Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tam Valley, in southern France. (57) the time it was built, it was the world's highest bridge, (58) over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. It was built to (59) Millau's congestion problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain. The bridge was built to withstand the (60) extreme seismic and climatic conditions. Besides, it is guaranteed for I20 years!

The Itaipu Dam

The Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. It consists of a series of dams across the River Parana, (61) forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two (62) . The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay's and 25% of Brazil's (63) needs. In its construction, the (64) of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers. It is a (65) amazing wonder of engineering.

51、 A. delightful B. useful C. wonderful D. careful

52、 A. admiration B. passion C. expression D. detection

53、 A. length B. width C. height D. volume

54、 A. inventor B. architect C. scientist D. merchant

55、 A. below B. in C. above D. on

56、 A. types B. parts C. roles D. features

57、 A. At B. within C. from D. upon

58、 A. developing B. expanding C. stretching D. reaching

59、 A. restrict B. reserve C. relieve D. relax

60、 A. most B. much C. more D. less

61、 A. what B. which C. who D. that

62、 A. countries B. provinces C. areas D. regions

63、 A. water B. oil C. energy D. food

64、 A. amount B. number C. quality D. ratio

65、 A. mainly B. hardly C. rarely D. truly

答案:

第1部分：詞匯選項

1、A

[解析] 句意為：我抓著他的胳膊，迫使他轉(zhuǎn)過來看著我。grab“抓住”，四個選項：seize“抓住”：throw“扔，擲”;break“打破”;stretch“伸直，延展”。

2、C

[解析] 句意為：交通在早上8點(diǎn)到9點(diǎn)期間達(dá)到高峰期。rush hour“高峰時段”，四個選項：border“邊緣，國界”;goal“目標(biāo)”;peak“高峰，最高點(diǎn)”;level“水平，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”。

3、C

[解析] 句意為：他去那兒已經(jīng)一個禮拜了，這似乎太難以置信了。incredible“難以置信”，四個選項：right“正確的”;obvious“明顯的，明白的”;unbelievable“難以置信的”;unclear“不清楚的，含混的”。

4、B

[解析] 句意為：我努力使自己脫離這些可怕事件的現(xiàn)實。detach“分開，分離”，四個選項：bring“帶來”;separate“分開，分離”;put“放，安置”;set“放，使接觸”。

5、C

[解析] 句意為：我們躲在樹下避雨。shelter“遮蓋物”，四個選項：defense“防御”;standing“站立，地位”;protection“保護(hù)”;room“房間”。

6、B

[解析] 句意為：這是一次無一例外的殘忍攻擊。brutal“殘忍的，野蠻的”，四個選項：open“放開的，公開的”;cruel“殘忍的，殘酷的”;sudden“突然的”;direct“直接的”。

7、C

[解析] 句意為：當(dāng)她喝醉之后，就變得具有攻擊性。aggressive“侵略的，好斗的”，四個選項：worried“擔(dān)心的，悶悶不樂的”;sleepy“昏昏欲睡的”;offensive“攻擊性的”;anxious“憂慮的，渴望的”。

8、B

[解析] 句意為：我們不得不改變大眾認(rèn)為金錢就是一切的觀點(diǎn)。perception“認(rèn)識，感覺”，四個選項：sight“眼界，視力”;belief“信仰，看法”;interest“興趣，利益”;pressure“壓力”。

9、C

[解析] 句意為：奇怪的是他不認(rèn)得我。odd“奇怪的，古怪的”，四個選項：real“真的”;whole“所有的，完全的”;strange“奇怪的”;same“同樣的”。

10、C

[解析] 句意為：他對公司給出的高薪心動了。tempt“吸引，使…心動”，四個選項：teach“教授”;keep“保持，遵守”;attract“吸引”;change“改變”。

11、B

[解析] 句意為：那種性能令人印象非常深刻。pretty“十分，非常”，四個選項：completely“完全地”;very“非常”;beautifully“美麗地”;equally“平等地”。

12、D

[解析] 句意為：構(gòu)造需要足夠強(qiáng)大到支持引擎。frame“結(jié)構(gòu)，構(gòu)造”，四個選項：bottom“底部”;surface“表面”;top“頂端”;structure“結(jié)構(gòu)”。

13、D

[解析] 句意為：她偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)三個孩子睡在橋下。come across“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶然碰到”，四個選項：pass by“經(jīng)過，走過”;take a notice of“注意到”;wake up“醒來”;find by chance“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”。

14、D

[解析] 句意為：“沒有其他選擇。”她厲聲說道。harsh“嚴(yán)厲的”，四個選項：firm“堅定的”;soft“輕柔的”;deep“深的”;unkind“無情的，不親切的”。

15、A

[解析] 句意為：關(guān)于她是否適合這個職位，我所知不多。as regards“關(guān)于，至于”，四個選項：about“關(guān)于，對于”;at“在……，于……”;with“與……一起”;from“由……，從……”。

第2部分：閱讀判斷

16、A

[解析] 根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句話可知，Choset在高中建造了一個類似小汽車的移動機(jī)器人。

17、B

[解析] 根據(jù)文章第三段倒數(shù)第二句話可知，蛇形機(jī)器人可以扭曲，朝著多個方向移動，可以在多種不同的地形上移動，題目說蛇形機(jī)器人只能朝著四個方向移動。

18、A

[解析] 根據(jù)文章第四段第一句話可知，在他在Carnegie Mellon工作之后，他和同事開始開發(fā)蛇形機(jī)器人。

19、C

[解析] 根據(jù)文章第四段最后兩句可知，機(jī)器人可以以其它方式移動，而蛇一般不會這樣移動，例如滾動。Choset的蛇形機(jī)器人能在草地上爬行，游泳和爬旗桿。但文章并沒有將Choset的機(jī)器人與其他人的蛇形機(jī)器人比較。

20、C

[解析] 根據(jù)文章第五段可知，使用機(jī)器人做心臟手術(shù)，就不需要給病人開刀，可以免除病人的痛苦。題目說在心臟外科手術(shù)中使用細(xì)的機(jī)器人會減少花費(fèi)的時間。

21、C

[解析] 根據(jù)文章第六段可知，Zenati他們在豬身上實驗，但文中并未提到在該技術(shù)在進(jìn)行臨床測試，題目說Zenati在豬身上使用該機(jī)器人后，開始在人身上測試。

22、C

[解析] 根據(jù)文章第七段可知，在波士頓的一家名為Medrobotics的公司正在在病人身上使用這項技術(shù)。題目說機(jī)器人技術(shù)應(yīng)用于病人外科手術(shù)，為Medrototics帶來了豐厚的利潤。

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

23、

[解析] 第二段講到不同的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)取決于地表或環(huán)境的種類。大多數(shù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為自然形成的海洋湖泊，沙漠或熱帶雨林。還有動物園或花園等人造興居地。所以第一段主要講了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)有哪些不同的類型。

24、

[解析] 第三段講到植物是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中最大的生物群，它們?yōu)閯游?、微生物和人類提供食物。?dāng)動物等死后，分解回歸土地，形成一個生生不息的循環(huán)系統(tǒng)。因此，E選項“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)如何運(yùn)作”符合文意。

25、

[解析] 第四段講到生態(tài)系統(tǒng)是所有生物生存的基礎(chǔ)。植物和動物為人類提供食物，因此，人類需要關(guān)懷其他物種，以及空氣水等非生物物體。人類和其它生物一起在維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著重要作用。所以第四段主要講生態(tài)系統(tǒng)為何如此重要。

26、

[解析] 第五段講到為了保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)人類應(yīng)該減少能源消耗，不應(yīng)打擾植物和動物的自然棲息地。此外人口過多也會破壞環(huán)境。所以第四段主要講人類應(yīng)該如何幫助保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。

27、

[解析] 根據(jù)第一段第一句話“An ecosystem is where living creatures expand within a given area. ”可知，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)就是所有生物在一個給定區(qū)域共存，所以本題選C。

28、

[解析] 根據(jù)第三段第一句話“Plants make up the biggest group of biological creatures within an ecosystem, and that's because they are the natural food producers for everyone. ”可知，植物是有生命的生物的食物來源，所有它們對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)很重要，所以本題選E。

29、

[解析] 根據(jù)第四段最后一句話“Since plants, animals and humans are all of various species(物種), we all play a role in maintaining the ecosystem. ”可知，植物、動物和人類在維持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中發(fā)揮著重要作用，所以本題選D。

30、

[解析] 根據(jù)第五段第一句話“To preserve our ecosystems, we should stop using too much energy, which happens when we consume more than our share of resources. ”可知，為了保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，我們應(yīng)該停止使用過多能源。當(dāng)我們消耗比所擁有資源份額更多的量時，就使用了過多能源。A選項說“我們所擁有的資源份額”符合文意，所以本題選A。

第4部分：閱讀理解

第一篇

31、C

[解析] 縱觀全文可知，美國對公共地區(qū)的能源需求越來越大，而且這些能源給美國帶來大量利潤。而且公共地區(qū)的替代資源的使用量也很巨大。C選項說“公共地區(qū)在能源生產(chǎn)方面發(fā)揮著重要作用”符合原文的中心思想。

32、D

[解析] 根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas. ”可知，美國還有74%的天然氣未被發(fā)現(xiàn)。因此，D選項說“大部分天然氣都還貯藏著”為正確選項。

33、D

[解析] 根據(jù)文章第四段可知，作者通過地?zé)豳Y源、風(fēng)力渦輪發(fā)電機(jī)和水力發(fā)電舉例說明這段話的主題，即第一句話“Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production, though the amount is still significant. ”。D選項說“在公共地區(qū)生產(chǎn)的替代能源的總量仍然很巨大”。

34、B

[解析] 根據(jù)最后一段第一句話“Because of the growing US thirst for energy and increasing public unease with dependence on foreign oil sources, pressure on public lands to meet US energy demands is becoming more intense. ”可知，由于美國越來越渴望能源，而公眾對外國資源越來越依賴覺得不舒服，因此，滿足美國能源需求的壓力越來越大。

35、A

[解析] 根據(jù)文章最后一段第二句話“Public lands are available for energy development only after they have been evaluated through the land use planning process. ”可知，只有通過地區(qū)使用規(guī)劃過程進(jìn)行評估，公共地區(qū)才能進(jìn)行能源開發(fā)。

第二篇

36、A

[解析] 根據(jù)第二段可知，作者以貧窮的小孩和饑餓的人為例說明了第一句話“Psychologists have known for decades that what's going on inside our head affects our senses. ”即，心理學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)我們大腦的活動影響著我們的感覺。選項A說“人類的感覺受他們大腦中活動的影響”符合原文意思，所以本題選A。

37、C

[解析] 根據(jù)第三段可知，一半的參與人員被告之實驗推遲10分鐘，另一半的人則有一個小時去吃午餐。這樣，實驗時有一半的人餓著肚子，另一半的人剛吃完午飯。因此，C選項“他想要兩組參與者，一組餓著肚子的人，一組剛吃飽的人”符合文意。

38、D

[解析] 根據(jù)文章第四段第三句話“They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. ”可知，這樣快速閃過的原因，是為了讓參與者只能有意識地觀察，而沒有時間去想。D選項說“確保參與者沒有時間思考”符合文意。

39、A

[解析] 根據(jù)最后一段第一句話“Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food—related words. ”可知，餓著肚子的人覺得食物相關(guān)的單詞看起來更明亮，也更能準(zhǔn)確辨認(rèn)食物相關(guān)的單詞。

40、C

[解析] 根據(jù)文章最后一段倒數(shù)兩句話“Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs. ”可知，人類能夠感知他們所需要或努力想得到的東西，而我們的大腦能夠被我們的動機(jī)和需求所支配。D選項“人類不需要深入思考就能感知自己的需求”符合文意。

第三篇

41、B

[解析] 縱觀全文可知，文章講述了芭蕾舞的起源，正式成立以及在近代的發(fā)展。由此可知，這是在講芭蕾舞的發(fā)展史。因此，B選項“芭蕾舞是如何發(fā)展的”符合這一中心思想。

42、A

[解析] 根據(jù)第二段第二句話“At that time it became common for kings and queens, as well as other nobility, to participate in pageants that included music, poetry, and dance. ”可知，pageant是一種娛樂活動，包括音樂、詩歌和跳舞。四個選項：big shows“大型宴會”;dance“跳舞”;instruction“指示”;royal court“宮廷”。B只是一部分，C與娛樂活動不符，D表示地點(diǎn)，只有A選項符合原文意思。

43、A

[解析] 根據(jù)第三段第一和第二句話“It was also in the 1600s that professional ballet began. King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. ”可知，專業(yè)芭蕾舞于17世紀(jì)在法國出現(xiàn)。

44、D

[解析] 根據(jù)第三段第二和第三句話“King Louis XIV of France, himself a devoted dancer, founded the Royal Academy of Dance. The five basic feet positions from which all ballet steps begin were finalized. ”可知，路易十四是一個芭蕾舞者，他最終確立了腳的5種基本位置。

45、B

[解析] 從最后兩段可知，路易十四確立了腳的5種基本位置，然后18世紀(jì)末，芭蕾舞開始講故事，然后19世紀(jì)初，芭蕾舞演員開始立起腳趾頭。最后一段說到俄國對芭蕾舞的影響，后來建立紐約城市芭蕾舞團(tuán)對新一代芭蕾舞演員產(chǎn)生重大影響。由此可以推出，芭蕾舞在不斷變化中，而且還將繼續(xù)發(fā)展。因此，B選項“將繼續(xù)變化”符合題意。

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文

46、

[解析] 空格前講到如果科學(xué)研究人員愿意，也可以讓你身體其他部位也很健康，空格后講這是紐約未來健康中心的工程師和醫(yī)生建議的眾多小裝置中的一個，由此可知，空白處應(yīng)是跟牙齒相關(guān)的一種小裝置，只有F項“美國目前正在開發(fā)一種能夠測量血糖和細(xì)菌的牙刷”符合上下文意。

47、

[解析] 空格前講到這些裝置應(yīng)能讓人們及早檢測出疾病，從而更早地尋求治療，空格后講從長遠(yuǎn)來看，技術(shù)能防御疾病，讓我們變得更加健康，由此可知，空白處應(yīng)是接著前面講這些裝置，只有B項“人們不再依賴高科技醫(yī)院，取而代之的則是這些使用非常方便的家用裝置”符合文意。

48、

[解析] 空格前講繃帶里面的感應(yīng)器能夠快速鑒定傷口的細(xì)菌數(shù)量，決定哪種抗生素最有效。因此，空白處應(yīng)是使用這種綁帶對傷口愈合的作用。在給出的選項中，只有C項“傷口能立即愈合，避免可能發(fā)生的并發(fā)癥”符合文意。

49、

[解析] 空格前講到最大的發(fā)現(xiàn)是黑瘤檢測器，提前預(yù)警癌癥的發(fā)生?？崭窈竺嬷v到一旦發(fā)現(xiàn)這一問題，系統(tǒng)會建議你去進(jìn)行檢查。因此，空白處應(yīng)是繼續(xù)講黑瘤檢測器的作用或使用。只有E項“可用這一裝置每周給你身體拍一張照片，然后與前面的照片進(jìn)行對比”符合文意。

50、

[解析] 空格前講到如果這些聽起來很麻煩，可用的幫助就近在眼前了，因此，空白處應(yīng)是講正在研發(fā)的新裝置，在剩下的選項中，只有A項“專家正在研發(fā)一種“數(shù)字醫(yī)生”，帶有一種令人欣慰的臨床態(tài)度”符合文意。

第6部分：完形填空

51、C

[解析] 句意為：不可能選擇當(dāng)今世上最令人驚嘆的奇跡，因為每年更多______建筑出現(xiàn)。四個選項：wonderful“令人驚奇的，極好的”;delightful“令人愉快的，可喜的”;helpful“有幫助的”;careful“小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的”。

52、A

[解析] 句意為：有三大建筑值得我們______盡管它們可能被最近更多奇跡所超越。四個選項：admiration“贊美，欽佩”;passion“熱情”;expression“表明”;detection“偵查，發(fā)現(xiàn)”。

53、C

[解析] 句意為______452米，高高的雙塔就像兩支細(xì)鉛筆。四個選項：length“長”;width“寬”;height“高”;uolume“容量，體積”。

54、B

[解析] 句意為：美國的______Cesar Pelli設(shè)計這個摩天大樓。四個選項：inventor“發(fā)明家”;architect“建筑師”;scientist“科學(xué)家”;merchant“商人”。

55、D

[解析] 句意為：這棟樓提供了大約1800平方米辦公面積______每層。on the floor為固定搭配。四個選項：below“在…下面”;in“在……里面”;above“在……上面”;on“在……上面”。

56、D

[解析] 句意為：該建筑的其他______是雙層電梯以及由玻璃和鋼建造的遮阻陽篷。四個選項：type“類型”;part“部分”;role“角色，作用”;feature“特征”。

57、A

[解析] 句意為：______建成時，它是世上最高的橋。at the time表示“在那時，那時候”，為固定搭配。四個選項：at“在……時刻”;within“在……之內(nèi)”;from“從……”;upon“在……之上”。

58、D

[解析] 句意為：最高點(diǎn)______超過340米。四個選項：develop“開發(fā)，發(fā)展”;expand“擴(kuò)張”;stretch“伸展”;reach“高達(dá)”。

59、C

[解析] 句意為：修建它是為了______米約的交通擁擠。四個選項：restrict“限制，約束”;reserve“保存”;relieve“緩解”;relax“放松”。

60、A

[解析] 句意為：該橋修建后能夠承受______地震和氣候。四個選項：most“最強(qiáng)的”;much“大量”;more“更多”;less“更少”。

61、B

[解析] 句意為：它由橫跨巴拉那河的一組大壩組成，______形成巴西和巴拉圭的自然邊境。四個選項：what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句;which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句;who引導(dǎo)以人為先行詞的定語從句;that引導(dǎo)賓語從句和限制性定語從句。

62、A

[解析] 句意為：這個項目的建設(shè)作為兩個______的一個共同項目。四個選項：country“國家”;province“省”;area“區(qū)域”;region“地區(qū)”。

63、C

[解析] 句意為：1995年，它為巴拉圭和巴西分別提供了78%和25%的______需求。四個選項：water“水”;oil“石油”;energy“能源”;food“食物”。

64、A

[解析] 句意為：該建筑使用的鋼和鐵______比埃菲爾鐵塔的300倍還多。四個選項：amount“數(shù)量”用于不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量;number“數(shù)量”用于可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量;quality“質(zhì)量”;ratio“比率”。

65、D

[解析] 句意為：它是一個______神奇的水利工程奇跡。四個選項：mainly“主要的”;hardly“幾乎不”;rarely“很少，難得”;truly“真正地”。