2017年職稱英語(yǔ)考試試題《衛(wèi)生C》閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題（1）

　　2017年職稱英語(yǔ)考試試題《衛(wèi)生C》閱讀理解專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題

　　Medical Education

　　In 18th century colonial America, those who wanted to become physicians either learned as personal students from established professionals or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at King's College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to give the degree of doctor of medicine.

　　Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of King's College) was combined with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University.

　　In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an attached teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools attached with established institutions of learning went together with the development of proprietary (私營(yíng)的) schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had 10W standards and poor facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the poor conditions of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association(AMA) and the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, connection with teaching hospitals,and licensing of medical practitioners (開業(yè)醫(yī)師) that survive to this day.

　　By the late 1980s the U.S. and Canada had 1424 medical colleges recognized by the Liaison(聯(lián)絡(luò)) Committee on Medical Education to offer the M. D. degree; during the 1987-1988academic year,47,262 men and 25,686 women entered these colleges and an estimated 11,752 men and 5,958 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship (實(shí)習(xí)期) , receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination given either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners.

　　11. In 18th century America, higher institutions of learning that taught medicine __________.

　　A. did not exist

　　B. were few in number

　　C. were better than those in Europe

　　D. were known for their teaching hospitals

　　12. Initially most proprietary schools of medicine in America __________.

　　A. had established professionals

　　B. had good facilities

　　C. had high standards

　　D. were in poor conditions

　　13. The AMA and AAMC established standards so as to __________.

　　A. recruit more students

　　B. set up more schools of medicine

　　C. ensure the quality of medical teaching and practice

　　D. prevent medical schools from making huge profits

　　14. After a year of internship medical graduates can start to practice __________.

　　A. if they have worked in a laboratory

　　B. if they have studied abroad for some time

　　C. if they have obtained an M. D. degree

　　D. if they have passed an examination

　　15. This passage is mainly about __________.

　　A. how medicine is taught in America

　　B. how medical education has developed in America

　　C. how the American educational system works

　　D. how one can become a good doctor

　　2017年職稱英語(yǔ)試題《衛(wèi)生C》閱讀理解專項(xiàng)題答案及解析

　　11.B。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：在18世紀(jì)的美國(guó)，教授醫(yī)學(xué)的高等學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)構(gòu)__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第一段，可知在18世紀(jì)的美國(guó)，醫(yī)學(xué)院校寥寥無幾。如果有人想當(dāng)醫(yī)生，就要跟專業(yè)人員私下學(xué)，或者出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)。直到1765年，才首次有高等院校正式開設(shè)醫(yī)學(xué)課程。

　　12.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：最初多數(shù)的私營(yíng)醫(yī)學(xué)院__________。利用題目順序與段落順序一致的原則和題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第二段中的第二句，即早期的私營(yíng)醫(yī)學(xué)院校大都標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不高，設(shè)備較差。

　　13.C。細(xì)節(jié)題：AMAandAAMC設(shè)立了標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以便__________。利用題干中的專有名詞可以定位到文章第二段的最后一句，即AMA與AAM制訂了一系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以保證醫(yī)學(xué)教學(xué)與實(shí)踐的質(zhì)量。

　　14.D。細(xì)節(jié)題。經(jīng)過一年實(shí)習(xí)的畢業(yè)生可以開始__________。利用題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章的最后一段，即醫(yī)學(xué)畢業(yè)生經(jīng)過一年的實(shí)習(xí)期后，要通過州或國(guó)家的相關(guān)考試，方可獲

　　取行醫(yī)執(zhí)照。

　　15.B。主旨題。題干：這篇文章主要是關(guān)于 __________。從文章的題目和內(nèi)容可知，全文重點(diǎn)探討的是美國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)教育的歷史沿革。