外國人最想和你聊的文化話題：現(xiàn)代繪畫

　Realize Modern Pictures　認識現(xiàn)代繪畫
     1　現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)和繪畫的起源
     The roots of Modern art are based in the art works produced during the period around 1860s to the 1970s. The term Modern Art denoted the style and approach to the art produced during that era. The term Modern Art is usually associated with art in which the traditions of the past have been thrown aside in a spirit of experimentation. Modern artists experimented with new ways of seeing and with fresh ideas about the nature of materials and functions of art. A tendency toward abstraction is characteristic of much modern art. Today many of the artists who exhibit at Red Rag Bath Art Gallery carry on this modern art tradition.
     Although modern sculpture and architecture are believed to have emerged at the end of the nineteenth century, the beginnings of modern painting took place before. The birth of modern art is generally attributed as 1863, when édouard Manet exhibited his painting Le déjeuner sur l'herbe in the Salon des Refusés in Paris. The pioneers of modern art were Romantics, Realists and Impressionists. By the late 19th century, additional art movements which were to be influential in modern art had begun to emerge. These included：post-Impressionism as well as Symbolism.
     Influences upon these art movements were varied：from exposure to Eastern decorative arts, particularly Japanese printmaking, to the coloristic innovations of Turner and Delacroix, to a search for more realism in the depiction of common life, as found in the art work of painters such as Jean-Fran?ois Millet. The advocates of realism stood against the idealism of the tradition-bound academic art that enjoyed public and official favor.
     The most successful painters of the day worked either through commissions or through large public art exhibitions of their own work. There were official, government-sponsored painters' unions, while governments regularly held public exhibitions of new fine and decorative arts.
     Artists of the Impressionist period believed that people do not see objects but only the light which they reflect. They therefore argued that painters should paint in natural light rather than in studios and should capture the effects of light in their work. Red Rag Bath Art Gallery artists who still follow this approach include：David Atkins, Jeremy Barlow, David Farren, John Kingsleyand Bruce Yardley.
     2　現(xiàn)代美術(shù)流派
     Byzantine 　　　　 拜占庭式
     Gothic 　　　　　 哥特式
     Baroque　　　　　 巴洛克式
     Rococo　　　　　　 洛可可式
     Classicism　　　　 古典主義,古典風(fēng)格
     Neoclassicism 　　 新古典主義
     Romanticism 　　　 浪漫主義
     Realism　　　　　　 現(xiàn)實主義
     Symbolism　　　　　 象征主義
     Impressionism　　　 印象主義
     Art Nouveau　　　　 新藝術(shù)主義
     Expressionism 　　　表現(xiàn)主義
     Fauvism　　　　　　 野獸派
     Abstract art　　　　抽象派, 抽象主義
     Cubism　　　　　　　立體派, 立體主義
     Dadaism　　　　　　 達達主義
     Surrealism 　　　　 超現(xiàn)實主義
     Naturalism　　　　　自然主義
     Existentialism 　　 存在主義
     Futurism　　　　　　未來主義
     現(xiàn)代繪畫展示了人們對藝術(shù)的不同追求，它改變了人們對繪畫的觀賞角度，更講究畫面的裝飾感，從簡單的繪畫中來表達深刻的涵義。也讓更多的普通人來欣賞繪畫，了解繪畫。
Part 2　Key words ＆ Sentences　關(guān)鍵詞語全知道
     Since the 20th century, the world is enjoying a boom of different art styles and different schools of art.
     20世紀(jì)以來，現(xiàn)代美術(shù)呈現(xiàn)出流派迭起，千姿百態(tài)的局面。
     Dadaism came in to being during World War I, artists of this school are not only against war, but also against the authorities, against the tradition and art, against everything.
     第一次世界大戰(zhàn)期間產(chǎn)生了達達主義思潮，此派藝術(shù)家不僅反對戰(zhàn)爭、反對權(quán)威、反對傳統(tǒng)，而且否定藝術(shù)自身，否定一切。
     With the Dadaism movement fading away, on this basis, there comes the Surrealism movement.
     隨著達達主義運動消退，在此基礎(chǔ)上出現(xiàn)了超現(xiàn)實主義藝術(shù)思潮。
     Abstract art painting came into being in the United States after World War II, which has Pollock and De Kooning represented as representatives.
     第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后在美國產(chǎn)生了以波洛克、德·庫寧為代表的抽象表現(xiàn)主義繪畫。
     The movement of the Super Realism (or Photographic Realism) emerged in the 70's, whose main feature is the use of photographic results to create an objective and realistic depiction of replication.
     70年代興起的超級寫實主義（或稱照相寫實主義）運動，其主要特征是利用攝影成果，進行客觀的復(fù)制和逼真的描繪。
     Over the centuries, artists are understanding the art through a"scientific" vision in order to improve their level.
     幾個世紀(jì)以來，藝術(shù)家們用"科學(xué)"的眼光來理解繪畫，從而提高他們的藝術(shù)。
     The difference between traditional western painting and modern painting are the attitudes of recreation.
     西方傳統(tǒng)畫與現(xiàn)代繪畫差異，還反映在對于所謂再現(xiàn)的不同態(tài)度上。
     Emphasizing formal structure is a modern painting genre.
     強調(diào)形式結(jié)構(gòu)，是現(xiàn)代繪畫的一大流派。
     Cubism artists are willing to sacrifice representation for the structure.
     立體主義畫家更是不惜為了結(jié)構(gòu)而犧牲再現(xiàn)。
     Expressionism is the second largest mainstream of modern painting. Expressionism painters are concerned of the inner emotions and the expression of inner spirit, thinking that art is not an objective representation but the performance of the soul.
     表現(xiàn)主義是現(xiàn)代派繪畫的第二大主流。表現(xiàn)主義畫家所關(guān)心的是內(nèi)在情感及內(nèi)在精神的表達，認為藝術(shù)不是客觀的再現(xiàn)而是心靈的表現(xiàn)。
     The oldest paintings found so far is in the Grotte Chauvet in France, and some historians believe it dates back to 32,000 years ago.
     已知最古老的繪畫位于法國肖維巖洞，部分歷史學(xué)家認為它可以追溯至32000年前。
     Michelangelo spent four and a half years to complete the paintings on the ceiling of the Roman Sistine Chapel.
     米開朗基羅花了四年半的時間才完成羅馬西斯廷禮拜堂天花板上的畫作。
     Matisse is a French painter and the founder of Fauvism.
     馬蒂斯是法國畫家，是野獸派的創(chuàng)始人。
     Paul Cezanne is the father of modern painting.
     保羅·塞尚是現(xiàn)代繪畫之父。