外國人最想和你聊的時(shí)事話題：動(dòng)漫卡通

　What is cartoon　什么是動(dòng)漫卡通
     The word cartoon has various meanings, based on several very different forms of visual art and illustration. The artists who draw cartoons are known as cartoonists.
     A cartoon (from the Italian "cartone" and Dutch word "karton", meaning strong, heavy paper or pasteboard) is a full-size drawing made on sturdy paper as a study or modello for a painting, stained glass or tapestry. Cartoons were typically used in the production of frescoes, to accurately link the component parts of the composition when painted on damp plaster over a series of days (giornate).
     Such cartoons often have pinpricks along the outlines of the design; a bag of soot was then patted or "pounced" over the cartoon, held against the wall to leave black dots on the plaster ("pouncing"). Cartoons by painters, such as the Raphael Cartoons in London and examples by Leonardo da Vinci, are highly prized in their own right. Tapestry cartoons, usually colored, were followed by eye by the weavers on the loom.
     In modern print media, a cartoon is a piece of art, usually humorous in intent. This usage dates from 1843 when Punch magazine applied the term to satirical drawings in its pages, particularly sketches by John Leech. The first of these parodied the preparatory cartoons for grand historical frescoes in the then-new Palace of Westminster. The original title for these drawings was Mr. Punch's face is the letter Q and the new title "cartoon" was intended to be ironic, a reference to the self-aggrandizing posturing of Westminster politicians.
     Comic strips, also known as "cartoon strips" in the United Kingdom, are found daily in newspapers worldwide, and are usually a short series of cartoon illustrations in sequence. In the United States they are not as commonly called "cartoons" themselves, but rather "comics"or "funnies". Nonetheless, the creators of comic strips-as well as comic books and graphic novels-are usually referred to as "cartoonists". Although humor is the most prevalent subject matter, adventure and drama are also represented in this medium. Noteworthy cartoonists of humor strips include Scott Adams, Steve Bell, Charles Schulz, E. C. Segar, Mort Walker and Bill Watterson.
     Because of the stylistic similarities between comic strips and early animated movies, "cartoon" came to refer to animation, and the word"cartoon" is currently used to refer to both animated cartoons and gag cartoons. While "animation" designates any style of illustrated images seen in rapid succession to give the impression of movement, the word"cartoon" is most often used in reference to TV programs and short films for children featuring anthropomorphized animals, superheroes, the adventures of child protagonists and related genres.
     At the end of the 1980s, the word "cartoon" was shortened, and the word "toon" came into usage with the live action/animated feature Who Framed Roger Rabbit (1988), followed two years later by the TV series Tiny Toon Adventures (1990).
     "動(dòng)漫"（comic and animation）是動(dòng)畫和漫畫的合稱與縮寫(abbreviation)。隨著現(xiàn)代傳媒技術(shù)(media technology)的發(fā)展，動(dòng)畫（animation或anime）和漫畫（comics，manga；特別是故事性漫畫）之間聯(lián)系日趨緊密，兩者常被合而為"動(dòng)漫"。
     "卡通"一詞是由外文（源自英文：Cartoon；意大利文：cartone；荷蘭語：karton）音譯而來，本身即具有多種含義在內(nèi)。主要以漫畫、動(dòng)畫為主。狹義的意思是指美國和歐洲等地的漫畫和動(dòng)畫（帶有兒童傾向的幽默動(dòng)畫作品）。