外國人最想和你聊的時(shí)事話題：性別歧視
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What is gender discrimination 什么是性別歧視
Gender discrimination, also known as sexual discrimination, is the practice of letting a person's sex unfairly become a factor when deciding who receives a job, promotion, or other employment benefit. It most often affects women who feel they have been unfairly discriminated against in favor of a man. But there have also been cases where males have claimed that reverse discrimination has occurred-that is, the woman received unfairly favorable treatment at the expense of the man.Court rulings handed down through the years have determined that a company's responsibility not to discriminate based on sex begins even before an individual is hired. Companies can be held liable if preemployment screening or testing is determined to be discriminatory, if applications ask unacceptable questions designed to screen for sex, or if the overall selection process is deemed to be unfair. One of the main indicators that gender discrimination has occurred in the hiring process involves the qualifications of the job applicants. While a slight difference in qualifications between a female and a male candidate does not automatically indicate gender bias (if a lesser qualified male candidate is hired instead of a female candidate, that is), a drastic difference in qualifications has almost always been upheld by the courts as a sure sign of gender discrimination. For example, if a male who dropped out of high school without receiving a diploma is hired in an administrative position over a female who had obtained her master's degree, then it is likely bias was a factor.
In addition to gender discrimination in hiring and other circumstances, there is a particular form of sexual discrimination called sexual harassment. This form of discrimination involves inappropriate words or actions of a sexual nature directed at an employe by employees of the opposite sex. To meet the criteria for harassment, the behavior in question must be both unwanted and sexual in nature. The U.S. legal system has determined that there are two main types of sexual harassment. "Quid pro quo", or "this for that", occurs when one employer offers another employee a job or benefit, or threatens to deny that job or benefit, unless sexual favors are granted. A "hostile work environment" occurs when an employee, or a group of employees, repeatedly make lewd comments or suggestive noises, make unwanted sexual advances, or otherwise use sex to such a degree that the behavior interferes with another employee's ability to perform her job, or she feels intimidated or threatened on the job.
自20世紀(jì)80年代以來，中國的出生人口性別比例(male-female birth ratio)逐漸升高，在部分省份男女性別比達(dá)到130:100。據(jù)研究，按現(xiàn)在的性別比例(sex ratio)，20年后將有數(shù)千萬男子成為光棍（bachelor）。男性過剩會(huì)造成婚姻擠壓，導(dǎo)致May-December 老夫少妻婚姻（marriage）的增加。要讓男女性別比逐漸實(shí)現(xiàn)均衡，就要在各方面實(shí)現(xiàn)性別平等（gender equality），消除性別歧視（gender discrimination），嚴(yán)格限制產(chǎn)前性別選擇（prenatal gender selection）的行為。
The sex discrimination act defines two kinds of sex discrimination, direct and indirect.
《反性別歧視法》闡釋了直接歧視和間接歧視。
Is there sex discrimination in your company?
你們公司有沒有性別歧視？
Gender equity education refers to eliminate gender discrimination and promote substantive gender equality through education.
性別平等教育是指以教育的方式消除性別歧視，促進(jìn)性別地位之實(shí)質(zhì)平等。
She was offended at/by his sexist remarks.
他那些性別歧視的話把她惹惱了。
The government is waging a campaign against sex discrimination in industry.
政府正在展開反對工業(yè)界性別歧視的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
They prefer to skate around the issue of sex discrimination.
他們不愿多觸及性別歧視的問題。
At a deeper level, it has a sexist component.
在更深一層意義上，它含有性別歧視的成分。
She filed a suit against the college for sex discrimination.
她對那所大學(xué)提出性別歧視的訴訟。
Experienced observers used to insist that outright sexual discrimination is not common.
有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的觀察者往往斷言，單純的性別歧視，并不是普遍存在的。
There is no sex discrimination here and people get equal pay for equal work.
這里沒有性別歧視，同工同酬。
Conversion of sexist English into nonsexist English is not a quick fix-it is anything but mechanical.
將性別歧視的英語轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榉切詣e歧視的英語不是權(quán)宜之計(jì)，這一過程只是機(jī)械性的改變，別無意義。
The examples chosen are carefully non-sexist.
例句經(jīng)過認(rèn)真挑選，沒有性別歧視之嫌。
Gender discrimination is an important aspect of social inequality in the United States.
性別歧視是美國社會(huì)不平等的一個(gè)重要方面。
Gender discrimination commonly exists in the process of job hunting.
性別歧視普遍存在于求職過程中。
The male-female birth ratio is imbalance because of gender discrimination.
由于性別歧視，新生嬰兒的比例嚴(yán)重失調(diào)。
Amanda: You look unhappy, what happened to you?
阿曼達(dá)：你看上去不高興，怎么了？
Rachael: I just had a quarrel with my boss.
瑞秋：我剛剛和老板爭論了一番。
Amanda: What's the matter?
阿曼達(dá)：怎么回事？
Rachael: Because I have been denied a chance to go abroad for a training course.
瑞秋：因?yàn)槲冶粍儕Z了一次去國外進(jìn)修的機(jī)會(huì)。
Amanda: Really? Are you a qualified candidate?
阿曼達(dá)：真的嗎？你是合格的人選嗎？
Rachael: Well, by qualification I am the ideal choice--a college degree, a working knowledge of English.
瑞秋：哎，論資格我是最合適的人選--本科畢業(yè)，能應(yīng)用英語。
Amanda: So, what's the final choice then?
阿曼達(dá)：那最后選誰了？
Rachael: The final choice fell on a young man inferior to me in every respect. So, I'm very upset and want to know why.
瑞秋：最后被選上的是一個(gè)各方面都不如我的男青年，所以我心里很難受并且想知道為什么會(huì)是這樣。
Amanda: What did your boss explain?
阿曼達(dá)：你的老板是怎么解釋的？
Rachael: He said that they did think of sending me but decided against it, just because I'm a girl.
瑞秋：他說確實(shí)想派我去，但是又否定了原來的決定，就是因?yàn)槲沂莻€(gè)女的。
Amanda: Why couldn't a girl go abroad?
阿曼達(dá)：為什么女孩子就不能出國呢？
Rachael: My boss just said it couldn't be convenient for a girl to be on here own in a foreign country as there was only one vacancy.
瑞秋：老板說因?yàn)橹挥幸粋€(gè)名額，而一個(gè)女孩子單獨(dú)在外是很不方便的。
Amanda: The gender discrimination commonly exists everywhere.
阿曼達(dá)：任何地方都存在性別歧視。
Rachael: That's unfair.
瑞秋：這不公平。
Amanda: But we cannot change it in the short term. Maybe gender equality can be realized some day in the future.
阿曼達(dá)：但是我們在短時(shí)間內(nèi)也不能改變這一現(xiàn)象?；蛟S在未來某一時(shí)間性別平等能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)。
Rachael: I really hope so.
瑞秋：我真希望如此。
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