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外國(guó)人最想和你聊的時(shí)事話(huà)題:醫(yī)療保健

所屬教程:常用英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)

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2018年09月22日

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 What is medical care 什么是醫(yī)療保健

     In 2010 China had 920,000 medical, health-care and epidemic prevention institutions (including clinics), with 3.19 million beds, and 4.49 million medical personnel. In Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing and other large cities, various high-level specialized hospitals of tumor, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, ophthalmological and dental diseases, traditional Chinese medicine and infectious diseases can be found, in addition to a large number of general hospitals. Mediumsized cities in all the provinces and autonomous regions have general and specialized hospitals equipped with modern facilities. Now medical, prevention, and health-care networks at the county, township and village levels have taken shape in the countryside. At present, there are more than 2,000 hospitals at the county level, and more than 50,000 hospitals at the township and town levels. Of the 730,000 administrative villages, 89.8 percent have medical centers. China has a total of 1.28 million rural doctors and paramedics. Thanks to the founding and perfection of the medical and health care institutions and the fact that the people have gradually cultivated the habit of paying attention to personal hygiene, the Chinese people mainly die of malignant tumors, or cerebrovascular or heart diseases now instead of infectious and parasitic diseases in the past. The death causes for the Chinese people are very close to those of the developed countries. The urban and rural people's health has greatly improved. The average life expectancy of the Chinese people increased from 35 years old on the eve of Liberation in 1949, to 70.9 years old in 1995, and to 73 years old in 2009.
     "Putting prevention first" is an important experience of China's health care work. Government health departments at all levels have always followed this principle, and have worked hard to prevent and control infectious, local and parasitic diseases that are detrimental to the people's health. The administrative areas at all levels have formed a national health care anti-epidemic network with anti-epidemic stations and other prevention institutions as the mainstay. In the early 1960s, China had already eliminated smallpox, more than 10 years earlier than in the world as a whole.
     To concentrate efforts on eliminating or controlling infectious and local diseases gravely threatening the people's health, the Chinese government promulgated the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases, the National Action Plan for Eliminating Poliomyelitis in 1995, the China Outline of the Program for Eliminating Iodine Deficiency Diseases in 2000 and other legal documents, thus further strengthening the prevention and Control of diseases. Thanks to China's remarkable achievements in preventing and controlling diseases, the Department of Disease Control of the Ministry of Health has been awarded a special achievement prize by the World Health Organization.
     "預(yù)防為主"是中國(guó)衛(wèi)生工作的重要經(jīng)驗(yàn)之一,各級(jí)行政區(qū)域(administrative region)均建立以衛(wèi)生防疫站(health and epidemic prevention station)等預(yù)防保健機(jī)構(gòu)(prevention and health care institution)為主、具有衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督管理(hygiene supervision)和防病職能的機(jī)構(gòu),形成了全國(guó)性的衛(wèi)生監(jiān)督和防疫網(wǎng)絡(luò)(health monitoring and prevention network)。以為居民提供預(yù)防為主、綜合治療與保健(comprehension treatment and care)為基本特征的社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)(community health service),近幾年在城市醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生體制改革和社區(qū)建設(shè)的推動(dòng)下,已由個(gè)別城市逐步擴(kuò)展到大多數(shù)城市,并越來(lái)越受居民的歡迎。社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的發(fā)展,適應(yīng)了城市化(urbanization)、人口老齡化(aging population)、疾病普遍化及社會(huì)階層的變化,為改善衛(wèi)生服務(wù)提供了切實(shí)的方案?,F(xiàn)在,一個(gè)以社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心(站) (community health center)為主體,其他基層醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)(primary health care institution)為補(bǔ)充的社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)網(wǎng)絡(luò)正在全國(guó)各大中城市逐步形成。





     Health care has to be accessible and affordable.
     醫(yī)療保健應(yīng)該既要大眾化又要支付得起。
     Health care system makes up an important part in China's social economic reform.
     中國(guó)醫(yī)療體制改革是社會(huì)主義經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的重要部分。
     Beijing will increase medical reimbursement rate for retires by 10% next year.
     北京退休人員醫(yī)療報(bào)銷(xiāo)增加10%。
     Between 70 and 80 percent of the rural population has no health insurance.
     70%~80%之間的農(nóng)村人口沒(méi)有醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)。
     All people in urban and rural areas will enjoy basic medical care and health services by 2020.
     到2020年要建立一個(gè)人人享有基本醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的制度。
     The current health care system is dominated by pay-for-service care.
     醫(yī)療保健體系目前主要還是自己掏錢(qián)看病。
     Public health service and labor insurance has contributed much to ensuring people's health over the past years.
     中國(guó)的公費(fèi)和勞保醫(yī)療制度為保障人民健康做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。
     The Chinese social security system has been established and improved through continuous health insurance system reform.
     中國(guó)醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度改革是近年來(lái)中國(guó)社會(huì)保障體重要內(nèi)容。
     But at least 47 percent of those surveyed in all countries think there are some good things in their systems but they need to be improved.
     但在各國(guó)受訪者中,至少有47%的人認(rèn)為本國(guó)的醫(yī)療體制中有一些不錯(cuò)的方面,不過(guò)仍需要改進(jìn)。
     Health planners must look beyond the cold calculus of economics and into the core of the human values embedded in the very concept of health care, if they are to develop a truly healthy country.
     如果要建立一個(gè)真正健康的國(guó)家,健康計(jì)劃人員應(yīng)該調(diào)查嵌入衛(wèi)生保健意義上人類(lèi)價(jià)值的核心,而非只看冷冰冰的經(jīng)濟(jì)數(shù)字。
     In China, some cities and districts grope for the new rural medical care system and have accumulated quite a few successful experiences, which are worthy of our reference.
     在中國(guó),一些城市和地區(qū)在探索農(nóng)村醫(yī)療保障制度中積累了不少成功的經(jīng)驗(yàn),值得鑒賞。
     While increasing government responsibility and spending, we will also encourage greater participation of private capital from both home and abroad in the sector.
     充分發(fā)揮政府在投入和監(jiān)管方面的作用,同時(shí)也鼓勵(lì)和歡迎國(guó)內(nèi)外的社會(huì)資金進(jìn)入醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域,發(fā)展和繁榮中國(guó)的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生事業(yè)。
     The reform covers a wide range of subjects including insurance, lation of drug manufacturing, distribution and supervision, and legis medical management.
     堅(jiān)持統(tǒng)籌兼顧,做到醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)體系和藥品供應(yīng)保障體系同步發(fā)展、同步改革。
     In order to better promote reform and development of health programs, the State Council has begun formulating a plan for deepening the reform of the Medicine and medical and heal care systems in order to resolve the difficulty of obtaining medical service, an issue of common concern.
     為了更好地推進(jìn)衛(wèi)生事業(yè)改革發(fā)展,國(guó)務(wù)院已經(jīng)組織力量抓緊制定深化醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體制改革方案,努力解決好廣大群眾關(guān)心的看病就醫(yī)問(wèn)題。
     However, it has also proved that this practice cannot go with the current socialist market economic reform, and consequent problems are inevitable, such as: increasing cost in medical treatment, unsatisfied health care service, unreasonable distribution of medical facilities, and waste of medical resources, etc.
     然而,40多年的實(shí)踐證明,這種公費(fèi)醫(yī)療體制不適合社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制改革的趨勢(shì),所以導(dǎo)致了一系列的問(wèn)題,如:醫(yī)療費(fèi)用激增,醫(yī)療服務(wù)質(zhì)量下降,醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)配置不合理以及醫(yī)療資源的浪費(fèi)等。
     As China's socioeconomic system moves increasingly marketoriented and the role of the government as a provider of public services diminishes, the country's health care system, traditionally one of core elements of Chinese socialism, is suffering.
     當(dāng)中國(guó)社會(huì)逐漸以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向前進(jìn)時(shí),當(dāng)政府作為工作服務(wù)提供者的角色逐漸消減時(shí),社會(huì)主義傳統(tǒng)上的一個(gè)核心部分,國(guó)家醫(yī)療保健體系正處于不利地位。
     When China began its economic reform in early 1980s, the old medical system was dismantled as China attempted to switch to a market-oriented health system. But the government has failed to establish a viable substitute.
     當(dāng)中國(guó)在20世紀(jì)80年代早期進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)改革時(shí),舊的醫(yī)療制度就被摧毀了,因?yàn)橹袊?guó)試圖轉(zhuǎn)向以市場(chǎng)為導(dǎo)向的衛(wèi)生體制。但是政府并沒(méi)有建立起來(lái)一個(gè)可實(shí)施的替代品。



     Emma: Oh, I don't feel very good.
     艾瑪:唔,我覺(jué)得不大舒服。
     Lucy: You look sick. You should go to the hospital.
     露西:你看上去氣色不好,應(yīng)該去醫(yī)院看看。
     Emma: Are the hospitals in Beijing very good?
     艾瑪:北京的醫(yī)院好嗎?
     Lucy: You can go to the Beijing United Family Hospital. It has excellent inpatient wards where many expatriates receive medical care.
     露西:你可以去北京聯(lián)合家庭醫(yī)院,那里的病房很好,許多外國(guó)人都在那里接受治療。
     Emma: I've heard that it is a nice hospital. Do many Chinese people use it?
     艾瑪:我聽(tīng)說(shuō)那是一家很好的醫(yī)院。很多中國(guó)人到那里看病嗎?
     Lucy: Not many. It's extremely expensive. But the Chinese government is taking many steps to improve the medical treatment for lower-income Chinese people.
     露西:不是很多,因?yàn)槟抢锸召M(fèi)很高。但是中國(guó)政府正在采取許多措施為低收入者改善醫(yī)療條件。
     Emma: I have heard about barefoot doctors who go door-to-door to treat people in rural areas.
     艾瑪:我聽(tīng)說(shuō)農(nóng)村地區(qū)有赤腳醫(yī)生挨家挨戶(hù)地為人們治病。
     Lucy: That's true. They have also set up round-the-clock clinics to treat ordinary symptoms. For serious diseases, people go to larger hospitals. Improving healthcare is an important part of the overall reform process for China.
     露西:是的。農(nóng)村地區(qū)也設(shè)立了全天候的診所,醫(yī)治普通病癥。如果有了急病、重病,人們會(huì)去較大的醫(yī)院。改進(jìn)醫(yī)療保健是中國(guó)全面改革進(jìn)程的重要內(nèi)容。
     Emma: I read the other day that in the past 50 years, the infant mortality rate in China has greatly reduced while the average life increased a lot.
     艾瑪:前不久我了解到,在過(guò)去的50年中,中國(guó)的嬰兒死亡率大幅下降而平均壽命延長(zhǎng)了很多。
     Lucy: That's true. They are getting a handle on communicable or infectious diseases, but because people are living longer, noncommunicable diseases have become a primary cause of death.
     露西:不錯(cuò)。傳染性疾病正逐步得到控制,不過(guò),隨著人們壽命的延長(zhǎng),非傳染性疾病成為主要的死亡原因。
     Emma: But all countries have that problem.
     艾瑪:但是所有國(guó)家都有這個(gè)問(wèn)題。
     Lucy: Yes, but non-communicable diseases require expensive curative care and more sophisticated technology.
     露西:是的。但非傳染性疾病需要費(fèi)用昂貴的醫(yī)療護(hù)理和更復(fù)雜的治療技術(shù)。
     Emma: I guess China has a lot of health issues to address. How qualified are the medical personnel?
     艾瑪:我想中國(guó)有很多保健問(wèn)題需要解決。醫(yī)務(wù)人員素質(zhì)怎么樣?
     Lucy: They are very qualified, but the government still needs to stay involved in quality control and health supervision.
     露西:他們都很稱(chēng)職。但是政府仍需要在質(zhì)量控制和監(jiān)督方面發(fā)揮作用。
     Emma: With such a large country, I can imagine that the biggest problem is the healthcare infrastructure. How do they ensure access to healthcare in the rural areas?
     艾瑪:我可以想象,對(duì)于這么大的一個(gè)國(guó)家來(lái)說(shuō),最大的問(wèn)題是衛(wèi)生保健基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。他們?nèi)绾未_保農(nóng)村地區(qū)的人們獲得醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)?
     Lucy: They are looking for methods to involve villagers in the governance of cooperatives, improve management transparency, and possibly use private insurance where possible.
     露西:他們?cè)谔剿髯尨迕駞⑴c管理的合作醫(yī)療的辦法,提高管理工作的透明度并在可能的情況下使用個(gè)人保險(xiǎn)。
     Emma: Is the international community involved in assisting them?
     艾瑪:國(guó)際上是否為他們提供幫助?
     Lucy: Yes. International involvement is an important way of ensuring quality healthcare for Chinese citizens.
     露西: 是的。國(guó)際力量的參與是確保中國(guó)公民得到高質(zhì)量衛(wèi)生保健的重要途徑。
    

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