外國人最想和你聊的名人話題：保羅·塞尚
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About Cézanne 關于塞尚
Paul Cézanne was a French artist and Post-Impressionist painter whose work laid the foundations of the transition from the 19th century conception of artistic endeavour to a new and radically different world of art in the 20th century. Cézanne can be said to form the bridge between late 19th century Impressionism and the early 20th century's new line of artistic enquiry, Cubism. The line attributed to both Matisse and Picasso that Cézanne "is the father of us all" cannot be easily dismissed.The Cézannes came from the small town of Cesana now in West Piedmont, and it has been assumed that their name came from Italian origin. Paul Cézanne was born on 19 January 1839 in Aix-en-Provence, in Provence in the South of France. On 22 February, Paul was baptized in the parish church, with his grandmother and uncle Louis as godparents. His father, Louis-Auguste Cézanne (28 July 1798-23 October 1869), was the co-founder of a banking firm that prospered throughout the artist's life, affording him financial security that was unavailable to most of his contemporaries and eventually resulting in a large inheritance.
Cézanne's work demonstrates a mastery of design, colour, tone, composition and draughtsmanship. His often repetitive, sensitive and exploratory brushstrokes are highly characteristic and clearly recognizable. He used planes of colour and small brushstrokes that build up to form complex fields, at once both a direct expression of the sensations of the observing eye and an abstraction from observed nature. The paintings convey Cézanne's intense study of his subjects, a searching gaze and a dogged struggle to deal with the complexity of human visual perception.
塞尚的畫具有鮮明的特色。他強調繪畫的純粹性，重視繪畫的形式構成。他極力追求一種能塑造出鮮明、結實的形體的繪畫語言。他作畫常以黑色的線勾畫物體的輪廓，甚至要將空氣、河水、云霧等，都勾畫出輪廓來。在他的畫中，無論是近景還是遠景的物象，在清晰度上都被拉到同一個平面上來。這樣處理，既與傳統(tǒng)表現手法拉開距離，又為畫面構成留下表現的余地。為了畫面的形式結構，他不惜犧牲客觀的真實。他最早擺脫了千百年來西方藝術傳統(tǒng)的再現法則對畫家的限制。在塞尚的畫中，經常出現對客觀造型的有意歪曲，如透視不準、人物變形等。他無意于再現自然。而他對自然物象的描繪，根本上是為了創(chuàng)造一種形與色構成的韻律。他曾說："畫家作畫，至于它是一只蘋果還是一張臉孔，對于畫家那是一種憑借，為的是一場線與色的演出，別無其他的。"
塞尚重視繪畫的形式美，強調畫面視覺要素的構成秩序。這種追求其實在西方古典藝術傳統(tǒng)中早已出現，而塞尚始終對古典藝術抱著崇敬之情。他最崇拜法國古典主義畫家普桑。他曾說："我的目標是以自然為對象，畫出普桑式的作品。"他力圖使自己的畫，達到普桑作品中那種絕妙的均衡和完美。他向著這方面，進行異常執(zhí)著的追求，以至于對傳統(tǒng)的再現法則不以為然。他走向極端，脫離了西方藝術的傳統(tǒng)。正是如此，他被人們尊奉為"現代繪畫之父"。
He would paint, he said, like Cézanne and Degas, but after Auschwitz.
他說他會像塞尚和德加那樣繪畫，不過要在奧斯威辛之后。
The paintings of Cézanne prefigured the rise of cubism in the early 20th century.
保羅·塞尚的繪畫預示了 20 世紀初葉立體主義的興起。
After Cézanne, the lines in the frame of oil paintings began to show characteristics different from before.
油畫畫面結構中的線在塞尚以后開始顯示出不同于以往的特性。
Cézanne's influence was strongest during the generation after he died, but it has proved remarkably persistent.
塞尚之影響，最強見于他過世之后，然卻長盛不衰。Cézanne flattened the conventional picture plane.塞尚將傳統(tǒng)的畫面空間平面化。
Cézanne's late canvases of monolithic Naked Bathers were his favourite style.
塞尚晚期的裸浴者全身像油畫是他最喜歡的風格。
"Cézanne and Beyond" is a beautiful and powerful collection of modern and post-modern art by some of the most talented painters of the past 100 years.
"塞尚·超越"美妙絕倫，震撼強烈，集百年最具天賦作者現代與后現代藝術于一體。
The subject of this picture of a reclining clothed figure, unique in Cézanne's oeuvre.
這幅畫的題材是一個穿衣斜躺著的人物，在塞尚的作品中很少見。
Cézanne's shadow is beginning to fade.
塞尚的影響開始漸漸減弱。
His works affected Cézanne.
他的作品影響了塞尚。
Early works of him were influenced by Cézanne, Vincent Van Gogh and cubism, but later he began to form his own style of art, and his skill of painting come to be more mature.
他早期的藝術創(chuàng)作受到塞尚、梵高、立體主義等現代派繪畫的影響，隨后形成自己獨特的藝術風格，其繪畫語言也逐漸成熟。
Cézanne continued to submit works to the Salon until 1882.
塞尚繼續(xù)向沙龍?zhí)峤蛔髌分钡?882年。
Cézanne remained a devout Roman Catholic.
塞尚仍然是個虔誠的天主教徒。
Cézanne's paintings were shown in the exhibition.
塞尚的畫在展覽中展出。
Religious images appeared less frequently in Cézanne's later work.
宗教圖像在塞尚的后期作品中出現得越來越少。
Cézanne chose to work in isolation.
塞尚選擇獨自工作。
Cézanne's paintings were not well received.
塞尚的作品不是很受歡迎。
Mike: See, this is my new painting.
麥克：看，這是我的最新畫作。
Daisy: It's very beautiful.
黛西：畫得很美。
Mike: I was imitating Cézanne.
麥克：我是模仿了塞尚的畫。
Daisy: I can't distinguish paintings of painters like Cézanne, Monet, and Van Gogh.
黛西：我分不清塞尚，莫奈，梵高這些畫家的畫。
Mike: That's normal, you are not an expert.
麥克：這很正常，你又不是專家。
Daisy: Can you tell?
黛西：你能分辨嗎？
Mike: To be frank, I can't either. But I know most works of each one.
麥克：說實話，我也不行。但我知道他們每個人的大部分作品。
Daisy: What is the main style of Cézanne's work?
黛西：塞尚的作品主要風格是什么？
Mike: He is a Post-Impressionist painter, he does not have a definite style, but you can feel it roughly from his paintings.
麥克：塞尚是個后印象派畫家，他沒有一個確定的風格，但是你可以從他的畫中大體感受到。
Daisy: I only know the style of Picasso, his is very strange.
黛西：我只知道畢加索的風格，他的風格很奇特。
Mike: Yes, he is very exceptional.
麥克：是的，他非常獨特。
