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外國(guó)人最想和你聊的名人話題:牛頓

所屬教程:常用英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)

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2018年08月04日

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 About Newton 關(guān)于牛頓

     Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian.
     His monograph Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica, published in 1687, lays the foundations for most of classical mechanics and is one of the most important scientific books ever written. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws, by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation; thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the Scientific Revolution.
     Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes white light into the many colours that form the visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.
     In mathematics, Newton shares the credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of differential and integral calculus. He also demonstrated the generalised binomial theorem, developed Newton's method for approximating the roots of a function, and contributed to the study of power series.
     Newton was also highly religious. He was an unorthodox Christian, and wrote more on Biblical hermeneutics and occult studies than on science and mathematics, the subjects he is mainly associated with. Newton secretly rejected Trinitarianism, fearing to be accused of refusing holy orders.
     牛頓的研究領(lǐng)域非常廣泛,他除了在數(shù)學(xué)、光學(xué)、力學(xué)等方面作出卓越貢獻(xiàn)外,他還花費(fèi)大量精力進(jìn)行化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)。他常常六個(gè)星期一直留在實(shí)驗(yàn)室里,不分晝夜地工作。他在化學(xué)上花費(fèi)的時(shí)間并不少,卻幾乎沒有取得什么顯著的成就。為什么同樣一個(gè)偉大的牛頓,在不同的領(lǐng)域取得的成就竟那么不一樣呢?其中一個(gè)原因就是各個(gè)學(xué)科處在不同的發(fā)展階段。在力學(xué)和天文學(xué)方面,有伽利略、開普勒、惠更斯等人的努力,牛頓有可能用已經(jīng)準(zhǔn)備好的材料,建立起一座宏偉壯麗的力學(xué)大廈。正像他自己所說(shuō)的那樣"如果說(shuō)我看得遠(yuǎn),那是因?yàn)槲艺驹诰奕说募缟?quot;。而在化學(xué)方面,因?yàn)檎_的道路還沒有開辟出來(lái),牛頓沒法走到可以砍伐材料的地方。
     牛頓在臨終前對(duì)自己的生活道路是這樣總結(jié)的:"我不知道在別人看來(lái),我是什么樣的人,但在我自己看來(lái),我不過(guò)就像是一個(gè)在海濱玩耍的小孩,為不時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)比尋常更為光滑的一塊卵石或比尋常更為美麗的一片貝殼而沾沾自喜,而對(duì)于展現(xiàn)在我面前的浩瀚的真理的海洋,卻全然沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)。"




     We're delighted to take this piece of Sir Isaac Newton's apple tree to orbit.
     我們很高興能將牛頓爵士那顆蘋果樹上的樹枝帶入太空。
     He was quite probably the best British theoretical physicist since Isaac Newton.
     自牛頓之后,他也許是英國(guó)最偉大的理論物理學(xué)家了。
     Today, Harry Monroe and I report on one of the world's greatest scientists, Isaac Newton.
     今天,我和哈里·門羅將向你講述世界上最偉大的科學(xué)家牛頓的故事。
     Isaac Newton, besides being the founder of modern physics, was also master of Britain's mint.
     牛頓是現(xiàn)代物理學(xué)的奠基者,同時(shí)身兼英國(guó)造幣廠廠長(zhǎng)。
     Sir Isaac Newton was very much smaller than a hippopotamus, but we do not on that account value him less.
     牛頓爵士比起河馬的體型可小多了,但是我們并不會(huì)因此貶低他。
     Two science representatives -Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein, their theories intensively referred to time.
     科學(xué)上兩次重大飛躍的代表人物牛頓和愛因斯坦,其理論都是和時(shí)間概念緊密相連的。
     By the age of 20, Isaac Newton found a general binomial theorem which lead to the later development of calculus.
     20歲的時(shí)候,牛頓發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)二項(xiàng)式定理,為以后發(fā)展微積分做好了準(zhǔn)備。
     Isaac Newton, the great British scientist, was often so deep in his thoughts that he would forget to eat his dinner.
     英國(guó)著名科學(xué)家牛頓經(jīng)常沉浸在自己的思想中,忘了吃飯。
     Sir Isaac Newton was one of the pioneers in investigating viscosity, and on his analysis depends the definition of the coefficient.
     牛頓爵士是研究粘度的先驅(qū)者之一,粘性系數(shù)就是根據(jù)他的分析下的定義。
     Gravity was discovered by Isaac Newton.
     萬(wàn)有引力是牛頓發(fā)現(xiàn)的。
     It is named for Isaac Newton, whose second law of motion describes the changes a force can produce in the motion of a body.
     它以科學(xué)家牛頓的名字命名,牛頓的第二運(yùn)動(dòng)定律描述了力所能產(chǎn)生的物體運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的改變。
     Anyone who has ever gone to school is probably aware that Isaac Newton formed his theory of gravity after seeing an apple fall from a tree.
     凡是上過(guò)學(xué)的人大概都知道這個(gè)典故:牛頓在看到從樹上掉下的蘋果后,就創(chuàng)立了著名的萬(wàn)有引力學(xué)說(shuō)。
     When it comes to gravitation and the laws of motion, Isaac Newton didn't see the whole picture either, but he remains one of science's giants.
     一提到萬(wàn)有引力和運(yùn)動(dòng)定律,牛頓也沒有看到全貌,但他仍然是科學(xué)巨人之一。
     Isaac Newton, a British scientist, who lived over 300 years ago, said that he saw further than others because he stood on the shoulder of giants.
     牛頓,一位距今300年前的英國(guó)科學(xué)家,曾經(jīng)說(shuō)他比別人看的更長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)是因?yàn)樗驹诰奕说募绨蛏稀?br />      Stephen Hawking is Lucasian professor of mathematics, a seat once occupied by Isaac Newton.
     霍金是拉卡斯數(shù)學(xué)教授,牛頓曾經(jīng)也擔(dān)任過(guò)此職位。
     Other monuments include those of Isaac Newton, scores of statesmen, and Poet's Corner, with memorials to centuries of authors including Chaucer, Shakespeare and Dickens.
     其他紀(jì)念碑包括艾薩克·牛頓、許多政治家、詩(shī)人的天地,還有紀(jì)念世紀(jì)作家的紀(jì)念碑,包括喬叟、莎士比亞和狄更斯。
     I'm looking forward to seeing Westminster abbey, where many historic figures are buried, like Isaac Newton, the great mathematician and Winston Churchill, the great wartime leader.
     我想看看威斯敏斯特大教堂、眾多歷史人物被埋葬的地方,比如偉大的數(shù)學(xué)家艾薩克·牛頓,以及著名的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)領(lǐng)袖溫斯頓·丘吉爾。
     Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein left profound legacies.
     牛頓與愛因斯坦都給世人留下了深厚的遺澤。
     It always falls down. That's how the apple helped Isaac Newton.
     它總是垂直下落,蘋果正是這樣啟發(fā)了艾薩克·牛頓。
     Isaac Newton is best known for explaining how gravity works.
     艾薩克·牛頓先生因解釋了地心引力是如何作用的而出名。
     I just think it's really important to get kids excited about science at an early age, because they might be the next Albert Einstein or Isaac Newton, or America's top young scientist.
     我認(rèn)為,讓孩子們?cè)谀昙o(jì)很小的時(shí)候就對(duì)科學(xué)感興趣非常重要。因?yàn)樗麄兛赡軙?huì)是下一個(gè)愛因斯坦,牛頓,也可能是美國(guó)最優(yōu)秀的年輕科學(xué)家。
     And throughout history, men with great minds, like Augustine, Isaac Newton, and Leonardo Di Vinci, showed more than just a passing curiosity regarding the importance of biblical numbers.
     縱觀歷史上的偉人,如奧古斯丁、艾薩克·牛頓以及列昂納多·達(dá)·芬奇等,他們對(duì)于圣經(jīng)中的數(shù)字都表現(xiàn)出了極強(qiáng)的好奇心。
     The birthplace of the great scientist Isaac Newton is Woolsthorpe.
     大科學(xué)家牛頓的出生地是烏爾索普。




     Mike: Do you know the story of Newton?
     麥克:你知道牛頓的故事嗎?
     Daisy: Of course, the apple falls on his head.
     黛西:當(dāng)然了,蘋果掉在了他的頭上。
     Mike: I've seen the apple tree; it's just an average tree.
     麥克:我見過(guò)那棵蘋果樹,它就只是個(gè)普通的樹。
     Daisy: The point is not the tree, it's who it hit.
     黛西:重點(diǎn)不是那棵樹,是他打到了誰(shuí)。
     Mike: Yes, coincidentally, the apple falls on a genius.
     麥克:是的,巧合的是,蘋果掉在了一個(gè)天才的頭上。
     Daisy: Newton is such a great scientist.
     黛西:牛頓是一個(gè)非常偉大的科學(xué)家。
     Mike: He is very observant.
     麥克:他非常善于觀察。
     Daisy: But it is said that he does not have a good personality.
     黛西:但好像聽說(shuō)他的性格不太好。
     Mike: Genius are always very wield.
     麥克:天才都很奇怪。
     Daisy: That's true.
     黛西:確實(shí)是。
     Mike: I hoped to be a scientist when I was young.
     麥克:我小時(shí)候也想成為一名科學(xué)家。
     Daisy: We all had dreams when we were young, but few come true.
     黛西:我們小時(shí)候都有夢(mèng)想,但很少能實(shí)現(xiàn)。
     Mike: Yes, there's only one Newton.
     麥克:是的,牛頓只有一個(gè)。
    

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