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外國人最想和你聊的名人話題:柏拉圖

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2018年07月27日

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 About Plato 關(guān)于柏拉圖

     Plato was a Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician, student of Socrates, writer of philosophical dialogues, and founder of the Academy in Athens, the first institution of higher learning in the Western world. Along with his mentor, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle, Plato helped to lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science. In the famous words of A.N. Whitehead:
     The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato. I do not mean the systematic scheme of thought which scholars have doubtfully extracted from his writings. I allude to the wealth of general ideas scattered through them.
     Plato's sophistication as a writer is evident in his Socratic dialogues; thirty-six dialogues and thirteen letters have been ascribed to him. Plato's writings have been published in several fashions; this has led to several conventions regarding the naming and referencing of Plato's texts.
     Plato's dialogues have been used to teach a range of subjects, including philosophy, logic, ethics, rhetoric, and mathematics.
     柏拉圖是西方客觀唯心主義的創(chuàng)始人,其哲學(xué)體系博大精深,對其教學(xué)思想影響尤甚。柏拉圖認為世界由"理念世界"和"現(xiàn)象世界"所組成。理念的世界是真實的存在,永恒不變,而人類感官所接觸到的這個現(xiàn)實的世界,只不過是理念世界的微弱的影子,它由現(xiàn)象所組成,而每種現(xiàn)象是因時空等因素而表現(xiàn)出暫時變動等特征。由此出發(fā),柏拉圖提出了一種理念論和回憶說的認識論,并將它作為其教學(xué)理論的哲學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。
     但是,柏拉圖夸大了理性發(fā)展在教學(xué)中的意義。他主張的通過回憶和沉思冥想以致知的教學(xué)過程,反映了其對掌握知識理解中的唯心主義傾向。特別是他把理性絕對化、孤立化,使感覺和理性之間對立起來的思想,以致成了中世紀(jì)經(jīng)院派教條主義教學(xué)方法的理論基礎(chǔ)。他有一句名言:不知道自己的無知,乃是雙倍的無知。




     On the desk there was a bronze figure of Plato.
     書桌上有一尊柏拉圖的銅像。
     Plato was one of the most informed men of his day.
     柏拉圖是那個時代最有學(xué)問的人。
     Plato one day to ask that Socrates what is "Love"?
     柏拉圖有一天問老師蘇格拉底什么是"愛情"?
     The last of these figures known to Plato is the icosahedron.
     柏拉圖知道的最后一個這種構(gòu)形是正二十面體。
     I just have to finish my teacher's paper on Plato.
     我只是要完成老師布置的關(guān)于柏拉圖的論文。
     The Republic is the most important representative work of Plato's politic and social thought.
     《理想國》是柏拉圖政治、社會思想的最主要的代表作。
     Unlike the proponents of the new morality, Plato believed that some things are good by their very nature.
     柏拉圖與這種新道德觀的支持者不同,相信有些事物在本質(zhì)上就是善的。
     Plato said: time to take everything undertakes, will put your name, appearance and personality changes, the fate.
     柏拉圖說:時間帶走一切,長年累月會把你的名字、外貌、性格、命運都改變。
     The Greek philosopher Plato said, a clear conscience is usually the sign of a bad memory.
     希臘哲學(xué)家柏拉圖說過,良心缺失往往是記憶不好的表征。
     Plato hoped to set up a utopia by education, but ultimately made education become the implement defending social order.
     柏拉圖希望通過教育建立理想國,但卻最終使教育淪為維護社會秩序的工具。
     If philosophers want to probe to the bottom this barely philosophical matter, let them meditate on the banquet of Plato.
     如果哲學(xué)家想對這個幾乎不屬于哲學(xué)范疇的概念追根尋源,就讓他們回憶一下柏拉圖的宴會吧!
     Plato and his followers saw it as a link between God and Man.
     柏拉圖和他的追隨者們認為它是神與人的一種聯(lián)系。
     Most people are familiar with Plato.
     大多數(shù)人都熟悉柏拉圖。
     One of the difficulties in evaluating Plato lies in the fact that we now take for granted so much of what was great originality in him.
     在評價柏拉圖時,我們面臨的難題之一就在于想當(dāng)然地認為許多理論都是他所獨創(chuàng)的。
     Plato said: some lose is predestined, some fate is never having the result.
     柏拉圖說:有些失去是注定的,有些緣分是永遠不會有結(jié)果的。
     This cult was in existence already 125 years before Plato.
     這個祭禮在柏拉圖之前125年就已存在了。
     Plato believes musical training is a more potent instrument than any other.
     柏拉圖相信音樂訓(xùn)練是一種比任何其他東西都更為有力的工具。
     Plato is Socrates'disciple.
     柏拉圖是蘇格拉底的學(xué)生。
     The fodder for Plato's imagination came from his experiences growing up at the terminus of Greece's golden age.
     柏拉圖的想象力,來自于他的成長經(jīng)驗。他生長于希臘黃金時期的最后階段。




     Mike: Do you know anything about the Greek philosopher Plato?
     麥克:你知道希臘哲學(xué)家柏拉圖嗎?
     Daisy: I know he is a great philosopher.
     黛西:我知道他是一個偉大的哲學(xué)家。
     Mike: What is his main philosophical view?
     麥克:他主要的哲學(xué)觀是什么?
     Daisy: I just know he is very idealism.
     黛西:我就知道他很理想主義。
     Mike: Yes, he has written the Republic.
     麥克:是的,他寫了理想國。
     Daisy: He is also idealistic about love, which is called the Plato love.
     黛西:他對愛情也很理想化,因此被稱作柏拉圖式戀愛。
     Mike: Yes, it means spiritual love.
     麥克:對,它指的是精神上的戀愛。
     Daisy: Do you think this kind of love exist nowadays?
     黛西:你覺得現(xiàn)在這種愛情存在嗎?
     Mike: I highly doubt it.
     麥克:我很懷疑。
     Daisy: I haven't seen it either.
     黛西:我也沒見過。
     Mike: It can only exist in novels.
     麥克:它只能在小說中出現(xiàn)。
     Daisy: I agree.
     黛西:我同意。
    

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