國際英文演講高手 chapter9 把觀眾引入正確的位置
Lead Your Audience to The Right Place
把觀眾引入正確的位置
Signposting
語言導(dǎo)航
When you drive on the roads,you know where you are on those roads.
當(dāng)你驅(qū)車行駛在公路上，你知道你處在公路的哪一個(gè)位置。
Each road has a name or number.
每一條路都有其名和號碼。
Each town has a name.And each house has a number.
每一個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)都有名字。每一間房子也都有門牌。
If you are at house NO.100,you can go back to No.50 or forward to NO.150.
如果你在一百號房，你就可以找到五十和一百五十號房。
You can look at the signposts for directions.
你可以通過路標(biāo)找到方向。
And you can look at your atlas for the structure of the roads in detail.
你也可以通過地圖詳細(xì)地看到道路結(jié)構(gòu)。
In other words,it is easy to navigate the roads.
也就是說，你可以輕易地確定道路方向，
You cannot get lost.
你就不會迷路。
But when you give a speech,how can your audience know where they are?
但是當(dāng)你在做一個(gè)演講的時(shí)候，你的聽眾怎樣知道你說到哪里了呢？
How can they know the structure of your speech?
他們怎么知道你的演講框架呢？
How can they know what is coming next?
他們怎么知道下一個(gè)又將是什么話題呢？
They know because you tell them.
Because you put up signposts for them,at the beginning and all along the route.
只有你告訴他們，他們才知道，是因?yàn)槟銖氖贾苯K為他們設(shè)置了航標(biāo)。
This technique is called"Signposting"(or"Signalling").
這就叫“導(dǎo)航”
During your introduction,
you should tell your audience what the structure of your speech will be.
在開始介紹的時(shí)候，你不妨告訴聽眾你所做演講的框架結(jié)構(gòu)。
You might say something like this:
你可以這樣對他們說：
"I'll start by describing the current position in Europe.
"我先描述一下當(dāng)前歐洲的形勢作為我演講的開始。
Then I'll move on to some of the achievements we've made in Asia.
然后，我將談?wù)勎覀冊趤喼奕〉玫某煽儭?br />
After that I'll consider the opportunities we see for further expansion in Africa.
之后，我將評估一下在非洲進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)展的可能性。
Lastly,I'll quickly recap before concluding with some recommendations."
最后，我將做個(gè)總結(jié)，提出建議。“
A member of the audience can now visualize your speech like this:
Introduction
Welcome
Explanation of structure(now)
Body
Eurpope
Asia
Africa
Conclusion
Summing up
Recommendations
He will keep this image in his head during the speech.
聽眾就會在你整個(gè)演講過程中腦海里形成一副清晰的框架。
He may even write it down.
他們可以做下筆記。
And throughout your speech,
you will put up signposts telling him which point you have reached
and where you are going now.
在你的整個(gè)演講過程中，你可以設(shè)置航標(biāo)，告訴聽眾你提到了哪些要點(diǎn)，要繼續(xù)。
When you finish Europe and want to start Asia,you might say:"
當(dāng)你結(jié)束了歐洲要轉(zhuǎn)到亞洲話題的時(shí)候，你可以說：
“What's all I have to say about Europe.Let's turn now to Asia."
"這就是我對于歐洲闡述的問題。現(xiàn)在，讓我們再看看亞洲。"
When you have finished Africa and want to sum up,you might say:
當(dāng)你結(jié)束了非洲話題后，不妨做個(gè)概括，你可以這樣說：
“Well,we've looked at the three continents Europe,Asia and Africa.
I'd like to sum up now."
“好的，我們已經(jīng)討論了歐、亞、非三大洲的問題，現(xiàn)在我想做個(gè)總結(jié)論述。”
And when you finish summing up and want to give your recommendations,you might
當(dāng)你結(jié)束概括后，如果你想提個(gè)建議，你可以這樣說：
"What does all this mean for us?Well,firstly I recommend..."
"這些對我們將意味著什么？好了，首先，我建議...."
Useful Signposting Sentences
演講實(shí)用導(dǎo)航套句
The table below lists useful expressions
that you can use to signpost the various parts of your speech.
下面是你在演講過程中,對你演講各個(gè)部分向聽眾導(dǎo)航的實(shí)用套句表達(dá).
Introducing the subject
介紹主題
I'd like to start by...
我想以....開始我的演講
Let's begin by....
讓我們從...開始
First of all,I'll....
首先,我將.....
Starting with...
從...開始
I'll begin by....
我將從...入手
I am going to talk today about...
今天我想談?wù)撘幌?....
The purpose of my speech is to introduce our new range of..
今天演講的目的是介紹一下我們的新系列....
I think everybody in this room must have heard...
我想大家一定聽說過....
Finishing one subject
結(jié)束一個(gè)主題
Well,I've told you about...
好的,我已經(jīng)談?wù)摿?...
That's all I have to say about...
這就是我對...所說的一切
We've looked at....
我們已經(jīng)看到....
So much for....
對...我已經(jīng)談了很多了
Starting another subject
開始另一個(gè)主題
Now we'll move on to....
現(xiàn)在,讓我們將看看.....
Let me turn now to...
現(xiàn)在,讓我轉(zhuǎn)到.....
Next....
下面....
Turning to...
看看.....
I'd like now to discuss...
我現(xiàn)在想談?wù)撘幌?...
Let's look now at...
讓我們看看....
I think I have gone so far with that proplem,let's turn over to
在那個(gè)問題上我已經(jīng)談了很多了,讓我們轉(zhuǎn)到....
Analyzing a point and giving recommendations
分析觀點(diǎn)和提出建議
Where does that lead us?
這對我們將有什么啟示?
Let's consider this in more detail...
讓我們再詳細(xì)地考慮一下
What does this mean for....?
這對...將意味著什么?
Translated into real terms...
回到現(xiàn)實(shí)中來,我們...
In conclusion,my recmmendations are...
總之,我的建議是....
I therefore suggest/propose/recommend the following strategy.
因此,我建議以下策略.
Giving an example
舉例說明
For example...
例如......
A good example of this is.....
一個(gè)對此很好的例子是......
As an illustration...
如演示.....
To give you an example...
舉個(gè)例子來說,....
To illustrate this point....
為了說明這一點(diǎn),....
Dealing with questions
關(guān)于問題
We'll be examining this point in more detail later on...
我會以后更加詳細(xì)地討論關(guān)于....
I'd like to deal with this question later,if I may...
我想以后處理這個(gè)問題,如果我....
I'll come back to this question later in my talk...
我想在后面談話中再進(jìn)行論述這個(gè)問題....
Perhaps you'm like to raise this point at the end....
也許,你應(yīng)該在....結(jié)束時(shí)提出這個(gè)問題....
I won't comment on this now...
我不想現(xiàn)在對此做出評論....
Now I'll try to answer any questions you may have.
現(xiàn)在,我將回答你們的疑問.
Can I answer any questions?
你們有問題嗎?
Are there any questons?
你們有疑問嗎?
Do you have any questions?
你們要提什么問題嗎?
Summarizing and concluding
概括和總結(jié)
In conclusion,...
Right,let's sum up,shall we...?
總之,.....好了,讓我們總結(jié)一下,我們應(yīng)該...?
I'd like now to recap...
我想現(xiàn)在概括一下.....
Let's summarize briefly what we've looked at...
讓我們簡要概括一下我們所提到的....
Finally,let me remind you of some of the issues we've covered...
最后,讓我給大家再提一下我們所涉及的...問題
If I can just sum up the main points...
我想總結(jié)一下....要點(diǎn)
Ordering
Firstly...secondly...thirdly...lastly...
第一...第二...第三...最后....
First of all..then...next..after that..finally....
首先...然后.....接著.....再后...最后...
To start with...later...to finish up....
開始...下面....結(jié)束.....
