劍橋雅思閱讀題型分類練習(xí)解析：摘要找詞題2

　　[C5T1P1-P18]

　　4. In 1764 DrJohnson accepted the contract to produce a dictionary. Having rented a garret,he took on a number of4______

　　答案: clerks / copying clerks

　　原文：James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnsonworked as 'fitted up like a counting house' with a long desk running down themiddle at which the copying clerks would work standing up.

　　5. who stood at along central desk. Johnson did not have a 5______available to him, buteventually produced definitions of in excess of 40,000 words written down in 80large notebooks.

　　答案: library

　　原文：The work was immense: filling about eighty large note- books (andwithout a library to hand), Johnson wrote the definitions of over 40,000words...

　　同義替換：did not have = without ; produced = wrote ;in excess of = over

　　6. According to hisbiographer, James Boswell, Johnson's principal achievement was to bring 6_____tothe English language.

　　答案: stability

　　原文：It is the cornerstone of Standard English, an achievement which, inJames Boswell's words, "conferred stability on the language of hiscountry".

　　同義替換：According to his biographer, James Boswell =in James Boswell's words ; the English language = the language of his country

　　7. As a reward forhis hard work, he was granted a 7______by the king.

　　答案: pension

　　原文：The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famousand so well esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George IIIto offer him a pension.

　　同義替換：his hard work = The Dictionary, together withhis other writing ; was granted = offer

　　[C5T2P1-P40]

　　1. Some plastics behave in a similar way to 1______inthat they melt under heat and can be moulded into new forms.

　　答案: candlewax

　　原文：Some are 'thermoplastic', which means that,like candlewax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped .

　　同義替換：similar = like ; under heat = when heated ;new forms = reshaped

　　2. Bakelite was unique because it was thefirst material to be both entirely 2______in origin, and thermosetting

　　答案: synthetic

　　原文：Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally syntheticthermosetting plastic.

　　同義替換：unique = distinction

　　3. There were several reasons for theresearch into plastics in the nineteenth century, among them the great advancesthat had been made in the field of 3_______and the search for alternatives tonatural resources like ivory.

　　答案: chemistry

　　原文：The history of today's plastics begins withthe discovery of a series of semi-synthetic thermoplastic materials in themid-nineteenth century. The impetus behind the development of these earlyplastics was generated by a number of factors - immense technological progressin the domain of chemistry, coupled with wider cultural changes, and thepragmatic need to find acceptable substitutes for dwindling supplies of'luxury' materials such as tortoiseshell and ivory.

　　同義替換：several = a number of ; reasons = factors ;the great advances = immense technological progress ; field = domain ;alternatives = substitutes

　　[C5T2P3-P50]

　　28. In Europe,modern science emerged at the same time as the nation State. At first, thescientific language of choice remained 28_________

　　答案: Latin

　　原文：Before that, Latin was regarded as the linguafranca for European intellectuals ; There were several reasons why originalscience continued to be written in Latin.

　　同義替換：choice = was regarded as

　　29. Sometimes thedesire to protect ideas seems to have been stronger than the desire tocommunicate them, particularly in the case of mathematicians and 29________

　　答案: doctors

　　原文：Doctors clung the most keenly to Latin as an 'insider language'.

　　同義替換：particularly = keenly ; protect ideas =insider language

　　30&31. InBritain, moreover, scientists worried that English had neither the 30____northe 31 ______to express their ideas.

　　答案: technical vocabulary ;grammatical resources

　　原文：First, it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second, it lackedthe grammatical resources required to represent the world in an objective andimpersonal way, and to discuss the

　　relations, such as cause and effect, that might hold between complex andhypothetical entities.

　　同義替換：had neither …nor … = First, it lacked …..Second, it lacked

　　32. This situation only changed after 1660when scientists associated with the 32______set about developing English.

　　答案: Royal Society

　　原文：Fortunately, several members of the RoyalSociety possessed an interest in language and became engaged in variouslinguistic projects.

　　同義替換：associated with = members of ; set about =became engaged in ; developing English = various linguistic projects

　　33. An early scientific journal fostered anew kind of writing based on short descriptions of specific experiments.Although English was then overtaken by 33________

　　答案: German

　　原文：In the following century much of thismomentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European languageof science.

　　同義替換：was overtaken by = established itself as theleading

　　34. it developed again in the 19thcentury as a direct result of the 34_________

　　答案: industrial revolution

　　原文：However, in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyedsubstantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need fornew technical vocabulary, and new, specialised, professional societies wereinstituted to promote and publish in the new disciplines.

　　同義替換：developed = enjoyed substantial lexicalgrowth ; as a direct result of = as