雅思閱讀3大必殺技：重復(fù)、時(shí)間以及實(shí)踐應(yīng)用

Most people who have taken tests have probably held a cram session or two in their lifetimes. They realize that they have a test a couple hours before it begins and frantically dig through notes, old quizzes, and worksheets to try to learn as much as is possible before the test.

對(duì)于大多數(shù)應(yīng)對(duì)考試的人來(lái)說(shuō)，他們總有那么一兩次會(huì)死記硬背。當(dāng)他們意識(shí)到考試還有幾個(gè)小時(shí)就要開(kāi)始后，就瘋狂地去翻閱筆記、以前的練習(xí)和學(xué)習(xí)單，以便在考試前能學(xué)一點(diǎn)是一點(diǎn)。

But a test is supposed to be an assessment of real learning. Can cramming help you actually learn something? Since there isn't a class specifically designed for "how to study," most people can't answer that question. (The answer is no!)

但是，考試應(yīng)該是對(duì)真正的學(xué)習(xí)的評(píng)定。死記硬背能讓你擁有真才實(shí)學(xué)嗎?因?yàn)闆](méi)有哪個(gè)班級(jí)是專門為了研究“應(yīng)該怎樣學(xué)習(xí)”設(shè)立的，所以大多數(shù)人也答不上來(lái)這個(gè)問(wèn)題。(答案是否定的!)

Our short-term memory, or working memory, is what we use when we cram for a test. This type of memory is what you'd use for remembering your order number at the dry cleaner's or your friend's cell phone number, but it's a very poor tool for remembering things you'd like to know in a few years or a lifetime. In order for knowledge to be ingrained inside a person – truly stuck in his or her long-term memory – you will need the following: repetition, time, and application of the material.

我們的短期記憶，或者工作記憶，是我們?cè)跒榱丝荚囁烙浻脖硶r(shí)會(huì)使用到的。這種記憶是你在記憶干洗店的序號(hào)，或者朋友的手機(jī)號(hào)時(shí)才會(huì)使用的，但是它不適合用來(lái)記憶你幾年甚至終身會(huì)用到的知識(shí)。為了將知識(shí)根深蒂固地記在頭腦中——真正長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的記憶——你就需要這幾樣?xùn)|西：重復(fù)、時(shí)間以及實(shí)踐應(yīng)用。

1.Repetition for Real Learning

重復(fù)

Repetition is absolutely necessary to learn anything long-term. Prepare yourself before you ever get wind of a test coming up by reviewing the material you learned in class that day. This could be a simple five-minute read-through of notes or browsing through the chapter you went over and choosing 2-3 facts that really struck home. Your homework should help you in that area, but even if you don't have homework, consider it your nightly mission to go back through what you learned in class that day.

重復(fù)對(duì)于任何形式的長(zhǎng)期記憶來(lái)說(shuō)，都是絕對(duì)必要的。在你打聽(tīng)到考試的風(fēng)聲后，就得復(fù)習(xí)當(dāng)天在課堂上學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)的材料。這就需要你花上五分鐘，通讀一下筆記，或者瀏覽一下章節(jié)，選擇2-3個(gè)重要的部分。你的家庭作業(yè)可以幫助你鞏固那一部分的知識(shí)，即使你沒(méi)有家庭作業(yè)，可以考慮將你的每晚任務(wù)作為復(fù)習(xí)當(dāng)天課堂任務(wù)的對(duì)象。

And the more varied the repetition, the better it is for real learning. One night, read through your notes. The next night, sketch a picture of a major point from the lesson. The next night, create a Venn Diagram comparing and contrasting two concepts. Bonus? You won't have to go crazy studying when a test comes up because you'll already know the material.

你重復(fù)的次數(shù)越多，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)的效果越好。晚上，你可以看看自己的筆記。第二天晚上，回顧一下課堂的要點(diǎn)。第三天晚上，再將兩個(gè)概念進(jìn)行比較和對(duì)照，做一個(gè)維恩圖解。至于獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)嘛，就是當(dāng)考試來(lái)臨時(shí)，你不用瘋了一般地去學(xué)習(xí)，因?yàn)槟阋呀?jīng)對(duì)材料非常熟悉了。

2.Time for Real Learning

真正學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)間

Time is also necessary to encapsulate information inside the brain for life, which is why it's smart to stay on top of the content before the test day is ever announced. The shorter amount of time you have, the less repetition you will get. You'll also need to make sure that too much time doesn't elapse between review sessions, because information entrenched there can start to fade away if it isn't practiced daily. So, if you miss a review session, then make sure to pick it up as soon as is possible the next day. The best advice is to start reviewing the second you get any new information. Start as early as possible.

將信息壓縮儲(chǔ)存在大腦中，也是非常必要的。這也是在考試宣布之前就熟知目錄得聰明之處。你擁有的時(shí)間越短，你重復(fù)的次數(shù)就越少。你也需要確保在復(fù)習(xí)上花費(fèi)的大量時(shí)間不會(huì)白費(fèi)，因?yàn)榻⒌男畔⒁坏┎幻刻炀毩?xí)，就會(huì)消逝。所以，如果你錯(cuò)過(guò)了一次復(fù)習(xí)，第二天就要盡快彌補(bǔ)回來(lái)。最好的建議是，在你學(xué)習(xí)了新的信息的第二天就開(kāi)始復(fù)習(xí)，盡可能快速行動(dòng)起來(lái)。

3.Application for Real Learning

應(yīng)用

Application is also incredibly important for long-term memory. If you can relate information to your lives in some way - really intersect the two - the likelihood that you'll remember the information beyond test day increases exponentially. You can do simple things to apply information you've learned in class into your daily life. Use a new vocabulary word in conversation. Bring up the story you're reading in class in your next Facebook post or Tweet and see the type of responses you get. Post math problems and see if any of your relatives can answer them.

應(yīng)用對(duì)于長(zhǎng)時(shí)間記憶來(lái)說(shuō)也是十分重要的。如果你可以以某種方式將信息和生活聯(lián)系起來(lái)—真正貫穿這兩者—那么你在考試那天頁(yè)記得這些信息的可能性就會(huì)大大提升。你可以做一些簡(jiǎn)單的事情，將課堂上獲取的信息運(yùn)用到你的日常生活中去。在對(duì)話中使用新的詞匯。將你在課堂上看到的故事放在Facebook或Tweet上，然后看看你會(huì)得到哪些回復(fù)。將一些數(shù)學(xué)題傳到網(wǎng)上，然后看看你哪個(gè)親朋好友可以回答。

Even better, write a story, draw a picture, or make a chart using the information you've learned. Linking your creative side with your academic side will create a mnemonic device, a memory aid you can use to summon the knowledge on test day and beyond.

更好的是，寫一個(gè)故事、畫一幅畫或者將你學(xué)到的信息做成一個(gè)表格。將你的創(chuàng)意和專業(yè)結(jié)合起來(lái)，可以創(chuàng)造出一個(gè)記憶技巧和輔助物，以便于在考試的時(shí)候喚起你所學(xué)的知識(shí)。