技巧點(diǎn)撥：雅思閱讀考試中如何定位信息
根據(jù)對(duì)歷年真題的總結(jié)分析，雅思閱讀考試的一個(gè)重要規(guī)律是：題干中的句子之間，詞語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系在原文中一般不變(但表現(xiàn)方式可能會(huì)變)。這一規(guī)律使得邏輯關(guān)系詞可以有效地協(xié)助題干關(guān)鍵詞在原文中定位答案信息源。尤其在摘要題(Summary)中這一方法使用頻率很高。
例如：
1.劍5 / P50 / Q30-31
題干：In Britain， moreover， scientists worried that English had neither the technical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas.
原文：First， it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second， it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world … (Para.7)
題干中出現(xiàn)的neither…nor…是連接兩個(gè)否定概念的并列邏輯關(guān)系詞。原文中對(duì)應(yīng)出現(xiàn)了完全相同的邏輯關(guān)系，即first， it lacked …， second it lacked …(表現(xiàn)方式有所變化)。我們可根據(jù)這種對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系在原文中快速定位答案信息源。
2.劍5 / P50 / Q33-34
題干：Although English was then overtaken by German， it developed again in the 19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution.
原文：In the following century much of this momentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European language of science. … However， in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary.
題干中出現(xiàn)的兩種邏輯關(guān)系均在原文中對(duì)應(yīng)出現(xiàn)。一是表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的although， 對(duì)應(yīng)于原文中的however；二是表示因果關(guān)系的as a direct result of 對(duì)應(yīng)于原文中表因果的邏輯關(guān)系詞as。很顯然，這對(duì)于題干信息的定位意義重大。
3.劍5 / P70 / Q25-26
題干：To deal with this， Stanley suggests the use of artificial floods in the short term， and increasing the amount of water available through desalination in the longer term.
原文：In the immediate future， Stanley believes that one solution would be to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways， in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says， however， that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be used to increase the amount of water available.
題干中出現(xiàn)了表示遞進(jìn)的邏輯關(guān)系詞in the short term … in the longer term …?？焖俨樽x原文，可定位于文中相同的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)in the immediate future … in the long term …。
另外，對(duì)雅思真題文章進(jìn)行精讀訓(xùn)練的同學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，除了以上兩大功能之外，邏輯關(guān)系詞在原文中的位置還常常是命題考點(diǎn)最集中的地方。因此學(xué)習(xí)和掌握邏輯關(guān)系詞在閱讀中的功能和作用，將對(duì)提高答題的速度起關(guān)鍵性的作用。同時(shí)，能夠熟練運(yùn)用邏輯關(guān)系詞對(duì)于寫出條理清楚，層次分明的雅思作文也大有幫助。
例如：
1.劍5 / P50 / Q30-31
題干：In Britain， moreover， scientists worried that English had neither the technical vocabulary nor the grammatical resources to express their ideas.
原文：First， it lacked the necessary technical vocabulary. Second， it lacked the grammatical resources required to represent the world … (Para.7)
題干中出現(xiàn)的neither…nor…是連接兩個(gè)否定概念的并列邏輯關(guān)系詞。原文中對(duì)應(yīng)出現(xiàn)了完全相同的邏輯關(guān)系，即first， it lacked …， second it lacked …(表現(xiàn)方式有所變化)。我們可根據(jù)這種對(duì)應(yīng)的邏輯關(guān)系在原文中快速定位答案信息源。
2.劍5 / P50 / Q33-34
題干：Although English was then overtaken by German， it developed again in the 19th century as a direct result of the industrial revolution.
原文：In the following century much of this momentum was lost as German established itself as the leading European language of science. … However， in the 19th century scientific English again enjoyed substantial lexical growth as the industrial revolution created the need for new technical vocabulary.
題干中出現(xiàn)的兩種邏輯關(guān)系均在原文中對(duì)應(yīng)出現(xiàn)。一是表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的although， 對(duì)應(yīng)于原文中的however；二是表示因果關(guān)系的as a direct result of 對(duì)應(yīng)于原文中表因果的邏輯關(guān)系詞as。很顯然，這對(duì)于題干信息的定位意義重大。
3.劍5 / P70 / Q25-26
題干：To deal with this， Stanley suggests the use of artificial floods in the short term， and increasing the amount of water available through desalination in the longer term.
原文：In the immediate future， Stanley believes that one solution would be to make artificial floods to flush out the delta waterways， in the same way that natural floods did before the construction of the dams. He says， however， that in the long term an alternative process such as desalination may have to be used to increase the amount of water available.
題干中出現(xiàn)了表示遞進(jìn)的邏輯關(guān)系詞in the short term … in the longer term …?？焖俨樽x原文，可定位于文中相同的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)in the immediate future … in the long term …。
另外，對(duì)雅思真題文章進(jìn)行精讀訓(xùn)練的同學(xué)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，除了以上兩大功能之外，邏輯關(guān)系詞在原文中的位置還常常是命題考點(diǎn)最集中的地方。因此學(xué)習(xí)和掌握邏輯關(guān)系詞在閱讀中的功能和作用，將對(duì)提高答題的速度起關(guān)鍵性的作用。同時(shí)，能夠熟練運(yùn)用邏輯關(guān)系詞對(duì)于寫出條理清楚，層次分明的雅思作文也大有幫助。
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