精讀報(bào)刊提高雅思閱讀之生活篇

精讀原版英文報(bào)刊才是提高雅思英語的真正平臺，下面聽力課堂就給我們帶了精讀的完美展示，趕緊一起來看看吧。

Mini Human ‘Brains’ Grown in Lab for the First Time

Why rely on mouse brains to help us understand our most complex organ when you can grow a model of a human one? Tiny “brains” that include parts of the cortex, hippocampus and even retinas, have been made for the first time using stem cells. The 3D tissue structures will let researchers study the early stages of human brain development in unprecedented detail.

【主要語言點(diǎn)解析】：

“rely on”,譯文“依靠，取決于”在雅思考試中屬于高頻詞組。常常與depend on出現(xiàn)替換，如“Over the past 40 years, most have abandoned their nomadic ways and settled in the territory’s 28 isolated communities, but they still rely heavily on nature to provide food and clothing.”[見C6T1P3]其對應(yīng)的出題句子為“In recent years, many of them have been obliged to give up their ____ lifestyle, but they continue to depend mainly on _____ for their food and clothes.”題目解析：依據(jù)替換或改寫的答題思路，很容易發(fā)現(xiàn)原文的 “abandon” 改寫為 “give up”, 所以第一個空答案為 “nomadic”。則第二個空為 “ rely heavily on”替換為 “depend mainly on，”所以第二個答案為“nature.”

【易混詞辨析】：

“complex”means difficult to understand or deal with because many parts or details are involved. For example; the chemical processes involved are extremely complex. 譯文：所涉及的化學(xué)過程極其復(fù)雜。在雅思寫作過程中很多同學(xué)無法分清complex和complicated的用法，下邊請看一條來自朗文詞典的解釋： “In written English, people often use complex rather than complicated, because it sounds more formal: the problem is very complex.”所以建議考生在寫作文時(shí)，可以用complex來加強(qiáng)行文的accuracy.

【雅思鏈接】

“early stage”可以用preliminary stage和initial stage替換【見C6T2P3】, “unprecedented”【見C8T2P2/C6T1P3/C5T2P1】譯為：“空前的;前所未有的;史無前例的”可以用unparalleled替換。以C5T2P1為例： “Baekeland’s invention, although treated with disdain in its early years, went on to enjoy an unparalleled popularity which lasted throughout the first half of the twentieth century.”

Because human brains are so different from those of most animals, looking at how animal brains develop only gives us a crude understanding of the process in humans. “Mouse models don't cut it,” says Juergen Knoblich at the Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB) in Vienna, Austria.

【易錯語言點(diǎn)分析】：

“those”這里代指前邊的主語 “brains”所以同學(xué)們在寫雅思作文時(shí)一定要注意前后人稱和數(shù)的一致性，同時(shí)后邊的介詞“of”也是很多同學(xué)容易丟掉的關(guān)鍵詞。這里絕不可省略，因?yàn)檫@是介詞短語作后置定語來修飾 “those”即 “brains”意思為：“大多數(shù)動物的大腦”。

【替換詞歸納】：

“be different from”可以用如下的兩個詞組來替換，“have nothing in common”①. “For example, apart from the fact that we went to the same school, we have absolutely nothing in common.”譯文：除了我們在同一所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)外，絕對沒什么共同點(diǎn)。 “there is little/no resemblance”②. “For example, there is no resemblance between the two sisters at all.”譯文：兩個姐妹之間沒什么相似之處。

【長句分析】

“looking at how animal brains develop only gives us a crude understanding of the process in humans.”本句為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作主語，即looking at how animal brains develop 為主語?，F(xiàn)在分詞短語作主語謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，所以gives的出現(xiàn)大家要注意。在寫雅思作文的時(shí)候，注意主謂一致。“how animal brains develop”作為介詞at 的賓語，即介詞賓語從句。Give somebody a crude understanding of something為句型，可翻譯為“某人對某事有一個初步的理解”。這里的“crude”可以替換為rough.

【與cut相關(guān)短語大揭秘】

cut off 切斷;中斷;使死亡;剝奪繼承權(quán) cut down v. 削減;砍倒;殺死;刪節(jié);cut in 插嘴;超車;插入 cut into v. 打斷;侵犯 cut out 切斷;刪去;停止;關(guān)掉 cut back 削減;修剪;cut from 從…上切下 cut through 刺穿;抄近路走過 cut down on 減少 cut up vt. 切碎;抨擊 cut back on 縮減;減低 cut on v. 很快向前走;趕路 cut away 切掉，砍掉 cut across 抄近路通過;徑直穿過;打斷 cut out for 適合于，準(zhǔn)備;與……相配合

The researchers found that the ①reduced number of neurons in the microcephalic models ②was linked to a lack of a protein called CDK5RAP2. When they added this protein to the microcephalic organoids, the number of neurons increased.

【長難句分析】

本段落為兩個復(fù)合句，第一個是賓語從句，從句中的主語為number，中心內(nèi)容為：Number was linked to protein. Number前后分別為前置和后置定語，protein后為過去分詞短語作后置定語，省略that/which was. 第二個是時(shí)間狀語從句，主句的中心為：Number increased.

【雅思閱讀真題鏈接】

【reduced鏈接】： “an explanation for reduced water use”[C7T1P2]，在詞句中reduced也充當(dāng)前置定語的成分，表示減少的數(shù)量。在【C7T1P2】中出現(xiàn)過一句與此相似度極高的句子，即，“But since 1980, the amount of water consumed per person has actually decreased, thanks to a range of new technologies that help to conserve water in homes and industry.”這里decreased和reduced為同義詞，均表示減少的，下降的。

【was linked to】“be linked to”表示：與……相關(guān); 與……有聯(lián)系.

其常用的同意替換多數(shù)為：be associated with; be connected with; be involved with; be related to/with; be correlated with; be critical for.下面請看：“particularly the right prefrontal believed to be critical for problem-solving.”[C5T2P2]其出題點(diǎn)為： “Right prefrontal cortex lights up---area of brain linked to problem solving”.經(jīng)過分析很容易得出結(jié)論，本題目中 “be critical for和be linked to”出現(xiàn)了同意替換。 同時(shí)請看：“this patch of brain tucked behind the orbits of the eyes is associated with evaluating information”[C5T2P2]其出題點(diǎn)為： “orbital prefrontal cortex is activated----involved with evaluating information.”.本題目則be associated with和be involved with出現(xiàn)了替換。

Martin Coath of the Cognition Institute at Plymouth University, UK agrees: “Anything that might reasonably be ①called a real brain is going to have to pass more tests than simply being made of brain cells and looking a bit ②like a brain under a microscope.”

【雅思考題鏈接①called】

“called”意為被稱為，被叫做。在雅思閱讀的summary題型當(dāng)中替換頻率很高，常出現(xiàn)的替換點(diǎn)有“be known as, be referred to as”.下面來看一句來自劍橋閱讀真題5的替換。“The result was a resin known as Novalak” [C5T2P1]。題目中為called替換原文的be known as.

【雅思考題鏈接②like】

“like”的詞性有介詞和動詞，在雅思閱讀考試中，like 作為介詞出現(xiàn)的情況居多，其意思為“像”。Like作為介詞出現(xiàn)的替換情形如下：be similar to; resemble等。下面請參考真題：

“some are ‘thermoplastic’, which means that, like candle-wax.”【C5T2P1】在本題目中be similar to被like替換。

“A wooden artifact found on the step pyramid at Saqqara looks uncannily like a modern glider”。[C7T4P1] 其對應(yīng)題目為 “The discovery on one pyramid of an object which resembled a ____.

很明顯，原文的 “like”與題目中的 “resemble”出現(xiàn)了同意替換，所以答案為“modern glider”

以上就是小編為大家?guī)淼娜績?nèi)容，希望大家可以通過今天的內(nèi)容掌握更多學(xué)習(xí)雅思閱讀的方法并且應(yīng)用的平時(shí)，只有這樣才能逐漸的提高我們的雅思閱讀成績。