詳解雅思閱讀分類題技巧

　　分類題(Categorizing)

　　在分類題中，一般有三個類別(我們可以稱之為甲、乙、丙)以及一些項目，要求是將這些項目分別歸入這三個類別之中。在文章中，一般會講述兩種不同的事物，我們姑且稱它們?yōu)锳和B. 類別甲中歸入與A類事物有關(guān)的項目，類別乙中歸入與B類事物有關(guān)的項目，而類別丙中歸入與A和B都有關(guān)的項目。

　　在文章中，作者會對A和B 兩類事物進行分別探討和互相比較，因此我們在閱讀時就必須注意作者在談?wù)摵捅容^A和B 的時候是否提到這些項目，并把這些項目歸入到適當(dāng)?shù)念悇e中去。一般來說，作者會在不同的段落中講述A和B 兩類事物，不過有時A和B 會在同一段落中被提到，因為作者要把它們作一個詳細(xì)的比較。

　　T: Desktop publishing

　　3 The first stage in the old method of preparing INFO was the gathering together of all text, photographs and graphics which would make up the bulk of the magazine. The next step was marking the text for the printer---a rather laborious, and occasionally hit-and-miss affair! In essence, this meant judging the approximate length of the articles and choosing appropriate print sizes and styles (fonts). The appropriately marked pages were then sent to the printer for type-setting. The end-product of this type-setting phase is called a galley and takes the form of continuous columns on long sheets of paper.

　　4 At this stage the fun begins! All the columns of text have to be cut and manually pasted onto sheets of paper marked out in columns, to give the layout for each page of the magazine. If one had misjudged the length of text at the type-setting phase, then screams of agony would mingle the pervading smell of glue in the editorial offices as a very stressed editor wrangles bits of text and photographs. The flexibility of this old system was very limited, page layout was largely pre-determined and type-setting errors meant long and time-consuming proof-reading, both at the galley stage and at the final page proof stage. An additional problem with the old method is the length of time between the copy date (stage 1) and the publication of the magazine (about six weeks for INFO).

　　5 Desktop publishing made our life a lot easier. Now with our new system, we first type the text of the article on an ordinary word-processing package (MultiMate Advantage II is used but any other package is usable) or we ask our contributors to send us their article on a disk, typed with almost any word processor on an IBM or compatible PC computer. The second stage is to design the page frame, i.e. size, number of columns and margins. We then place the text in the page with an easy command called “Autoflow”.

　　6 The third stage is the design of the layout: placing illustrations and choosing the most suitable typeface. At the last stage, we print the articles on the laser printer and pass them on to colleagues to be proof-read. After making all corrections, the files containing our next INFO are copied on to a disk and sent to our printers for publication.

　　Q: Below are headings showing the sages involved in printing any document. According to the

　　information in the passage:

　　write T if the stage is necessary in traditional printing;

　　write D if the stage is necessary with desktop publishing;

　　write TD if the stage is necessary in both methods.

　　I1 gathering input

　　I2 designing page frame

　　I3 marking text

　　I4 type-setting

　　I5 page design

　　I6 cutting and pasting

　　I7 proof-reading

　　解題：這里選取的是文章的第三到第六段，其中三、四兩段談?wù)搕raditional printing(T)，而五、六兩段探討desktop publishing(D)。在traditional printing中，首先是the gathering together of all text, photographs and graphics，其次是marking the text for theprinter，再其次then sent to the printer for type-setting，然后是have to be cut and manually pasted onto sheets of paper marked out in columns, to give the layout for each page of the magazine，最后是long and time-consuming proof-reading;而在desktop publishing中，首先是ask our contributors to send us their article on a disk，其次是design the page frame，然后是the design of the layout，最后we print the articles on the laser printer and pass them on to colleagues to be proof-read. 根據(jù)這些列出的兩種印刷方法的各個步驟，我們可以準(zhǔn)確地將上述的項目進行歸類：I1 gathering input --- TD;I2 designing page frame --- D;I3 marking text --- T;I4 type-setting --- T;I5 page design --- TD;I6 cutting and pasting --- T;I7 proof-reading --- TD.