聽力專項(xiàng)突破：雅思聽力配對(duì)題技巧

　　根據(jù)這幾年的觀察，雅思聽力配對(duì)題出題率提高不少，讓原本語速快，反應(yīng)時(shí)間短的聽力考試難度又增加了。作為考生如何做好聽力配對(duì)題呢?本文給大家?guī)砺犃ε鋵?duì)題考試技巧講解：

　　首先我們來看一下雅思聽力配對(duì)題特點(diǎn)一：考生們閱讀聽力題目時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，配對(duì)題信息量小而且考試中不常遇到。一般來說配對(duì)題的常見題型形式有三種：

　　第一種是配對(duì)選項(xiàng)少于題目，例如Cambridge 7 Test 3 Section 3

　　Questions 26-30

　　In what time period can data from the float projects help with the following things?

　　Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 26-30.

　　A At present

　　B In the near future

　　C In the long-term future

　　26understanding of El Niño.

　　27understanding of climate change.

　　28naval rescues.

　　29sustainable fishing practices.

　　30crop selection.

　　第二種是配對(duì)選項(xiàng)多于題目，例如Cambridge 5 Test 4 Section 3

　　Questions 28-30

　　Which opinion does each person express about Box Telecom?

　　Choose your answers from the box and write the letters A-F next to questions 28-30.

　　Aits workers are motivated

　　Bit has too little investment

　　Cit will overcome its problems

　　Dits marketing campaign needs improvement

　　Eit is old-fashioned

　　Fit has strong managers

　　28Karin.

　　29Jason.

　　30the tutor.

　　還有一種是聽力配對(duì)選項(xiàng)和題目數(shù)量相等。

　　雅思聽力配對(duì)題可以看做是單選題的一種引申，配對(duì)的選項(xiàng)是對(duì)題干的解釋或者說明。自從配對(duì)題出現(xiàn)后，多半題目的出現(xiàn)形勢是第一種，也就是選項(xiàng)多于題目，很明顯的有些選項(xiàng)是用不上的，大多數(shù)的烤鴨們同義詞替換的能力和辨識(shí)速度有限，如果僅僅看著題目或者配對(duì)的信息文字較少而猜來猜去，不錯(cuò)還好，要是錯(cuò)了就會(huì)影響其他題目，甚至出現(xiàn)多重錯(cuò)誤，影響整體分?jǐn)?shù)。

　　據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，在2016年的雅思聽力考試中，2月13日的Section 3題型為單選+配對(duì);2月27日的Section 3題型為單選+配對(duì);3月5日的Section 3題型為填空+單選+配對(duì);6月25日的Section 2題型為配對(duì)+選擇，Section 3為單選+配對(duì);8月27日的Section 3題型為多選+配對(duì)。由此可見，配對(duì)題的出現(xiàn)雖然不能和出現(xiàn)率近乎100%的填空和選擇題相比較，但是不斷上升的出題概率也需要引起烤鴨的重視。

　　雅思聽力配對(duì)題特點(diǎn)一：聽力配對(duì)題的題目相對(duì)長，容易定位，并且一般是按照順序原則

　　以Cambridge 5 Test 4 Section 3為例，建議烤鴨首先抓住順序性原則，以題干為基礎(chǔ)，Q28-30的題目均是人名，不會(huì)出現(xiàn)同義詞替換，定位非常容易。但是選項(xiàng)很長，干擾性極強(qiáng)，所以不太建議先看選項(xiàng)。

　　Questions 28-30

　　Which opinion does each person express about Box Telecom?

　　Choose your answers from the box and write the letters A-F next to questions 28-30.

　　A its workers are motivated

　　B it has too little investment

　　C it will overcome its problems

　　D its marketing campaign needs improvement

　　E it is old-fashioned

　　F it has strong managers

　　28 Karin.

　　29 Jason.

　　30 the tutor.

　　聽力原文及解析

　　Karin: Yes, I think I can do that. personally I’ve got great hopes for it. I think it will recover (28). 根據(jù)說話的人確定是Karin, 烤鴨們記下的詞應(yīng)該是recover, 那么回顧選項(xiàng)，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)C選項(xiàng)里的overcome its problems解釋了recover。 That advertising campaign they did was very innovative with their products-they set new trends. The company’s got to recover, don't you think, Jason?

　　Jason: Hmmm-I’m not sure. I think it ca but it’s not a forgone conclusion unless they manage to attract the right level of investment. The company definitely needs a boost(29) 根據(jù)說話的人確定是Jason, 烤鴨們首先定位到investment, 然后記下need a boost, 那么我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)B選項(xiàng)里的too little investment正好匹配。 and to attract more highly skilled workers if their recovery is to be long-lasting. When I was talking to the marketing manager he said to me that he thinks the company had got a great management team-but he would say that, wouldn’t he?- but they are suffering from having to work with outdated production machinery and that could cost a lot to put right.

　　Tutor: Well, personally, l think the stock market is to blame. I think they were expecting too much of the company and then inevitably it looked had when it didn't perform. The market should have had more realistic expectations. And I disagree with you about the advertising campaign Karin. That’s where they could do with some innovation(30) 根據(jù)說話的人確定是Tutor, 烤鴨們首先定位的詞是campaign, 然后記下innovation(創(chuàng)新)，那么回顧選項(xiàng)，我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)D選項(xiàng)里的匹配詞也是campaign以及improvement和innovation的同義詞轉(zhuǎn)換。 - to get sales kick-started. Anyway, let’s see what you come up with… (fade)

　　雅思聽力配對(duì)題特點(diǎn)二：雖然配對(duì)題題量小但是題目中的陷阱多

　　通過對(duì)過去題目的總結(jié)，發(fā)現(xiàn)配對(duì)題的出現(xiàn)總是附帶性的(達(dá)不到10題)，換言之幾乎不會(huì)獨(dú)立出現(xiàn)。接下來我們來詳細(xì)分析一下Cambridge 7 Test 3 Section 3這個(gè)選項(xiàng)少于題目的配對(duì)題。首先，我們以題目的順序?yàn)槎ㄎ唬?6-30的定位詞在下文中有標(biāo)注出來。其次，烤鴨們要明白，一般選項(xiàng)是三個(gè)的情況都需要重復(fù)使用，在考試中的題目通常是對(duì)某種事物有著不同的看法，所以烤鴨們要根據(jù)錄音表達(dá)做出選擇。此時(shí)的陷阱之一就是：由于選項(xiàng)比較固定，題干中的內(nèi)容在錄音中會(huì)出現(xiàn)同義詞替換，這樣會(huì)引起烤鴨們定位困難。另外，說話人的語氣和態(tài)度也是陷阱之二，烤鴨在做出選擇時(shí)要聽明白錄音的言下之意，光聽懂字面意思不夠。

　　Questions 26-30

　　In what time period can data from the float projects help with the following things?

　　Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 26-30.

　　A At present

　　B In the near future

　　C In the long-term future

　　26understanding of El Niño.

　　27understanding of climate change.

　　28naval rescues

　　29sustainable fishing practices.

　　30crop selection.

　　聽力原文及題目解析

　　You say you’re building models of the world’s ocean systems, but how’re they going to be used? And more importantly, when?

　　Some of the data has already helped in completing projects. For example, our understanding of the underlying causes of El Nino events is being confirmed by float data. (26)這一句當(dāng)中的定位詞是El Nino, 而這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)的句子中的時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A。Another way we’re using float data is to help us to understand mechanics of climate change, like global warming and ozone depletion. That’s part of an ongoing variability study but the results are still a long way off. (27)這一句當(dāng)中的定位詞是climate change, 而這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)的句子中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間提示a long way off即需要記下的筆記，所以對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C。 However, this is not the case with our ocean weather forecasting. Because we know from the floats what the prevailing weather conditions will be in certain parts of the ocean, we can advise the navy on search and rescue missions, that’s happening right now. (28)這一句當(dāng)中的定位詞只是navy, rescues在聽力原文中和on search并列，而這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)的句子中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間提示right now即需要記下的筆記，所以對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)A。and may yachtsmen owe their lives to the success of this project. In addition, the float data can help us to look at the biological implications of ocean processes.

　　Would that help with preserving fish stocks?

　　Yes, and advising governments on fisheries legislation. We’re well on the way to completing a project on this, we hope it will help to bring about more sustainable fishing practices, we’ll be seeing the results of that quite soon. (29)這一句當(dāng)中的定位詞是fishing practices, 而這個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)的句子中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間提示quite soon即需要記下的筆記，所以對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)B。

　　It sounds like the data from floats has lots of applications. Yes it does. It’s also a powerful agricultural tool. If we were aware of what the weather would be like, say next year, we could make sure that the farmers planted appropriate grain varieties to produce the best yield from the available rainfall. That sounds a bit like science fiction, especially when now we can’t even tell them when the draught will break. I agree that this concept is still a long way in the future, (30)這一句當(dāng)中的定位詞是crop selection, 整個(gè)錄音里并沒有出現(xiàn)原詞，所以這題較難。Crop(農(nóng)作物)在錄音中的替換是grain(谷物)，selection在錄音中是farmers planted appropriate grain varieties to produce the best yield from the available rainfall的解釋，整個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)的句子中出現(xiàn)的時(shí)間提示a long way in the future即需要記下的筆記，所以對(duì)應(yīng)選項(xiàng)C。 but it will come eventually and the float data will have made a contribution.

　　在聽完整個(gè)段落之后考生們再針對(duì)選項(xiàng)作出一個(gè)整理。例如：

　　at present = now / right now / current(ly) / recent(ly)

　　in the near future = quite / very soon

　　in the long-term future = a long way in the future / in long term run / a long way off

　　當(dāng)烤鴨整理成習(xí)慣后，也會(huì)在后期自己做聽力時(shí)自發(fā)想到這些同義詞替換，適時(shí)做筆記，錄音結(jié)束后，根據(jù)筆記做配對(duì)驗(yàn)證，從而提高做題的正確率。

　　搭配題是雅思聽力的?？碱}型之一，要想提高搭配題的正確率，必須掌握搭配題的出題特點(diǎn)。

　　搭配題通常出現(xiàn)在聽力中Section 2或Section 3中，難度中等。這種題型主要分為兩部分：一是題干部分;二是匹配選項(xiàng)。遇到這種題型，同學(xué)們不用擔(dān)心讀題時(shí)間，因?yàn)樗容^容易定位，能快速通過題干部分找到信號(hào)詞。

　　這種題型的難點(diǎn)在于需要對(duì)題干、匹配選項(xiàng)和聽力音頻三方面進(jìn)行理解與對(duì)應(yīng)，考察大家的快速反應(yīng)能力。所以建議同學(xué)們做這種題型的時(shí)候，可以在題干旁邊做一些簡要的筆記，最后再與匹配選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，選出正確答案。

　　在這里給同學(xué)們梳理一下聽力配對(duì)題的三大原則：

　?、夙樞蛟瓌t

　　“順序原則”指的是題目在聽力音頻中出現(xiàn)的順序是與題號(hào)順序保持一致的。通過這一原則，我們在拿到搭配題的時(shí)候，心里可以預(yù)測題目的走向。

　?、谕x替換與結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換

　　搭配題一個(gè)最大的特點(diǎn)就是題干部分與匹配選項(xiàng)會(huì)出現(xiàn)同義替換與結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換，這也是這一題型的難點(diǎn)所在。掌握這一特點(diǎn)之后，我們在做題的時(shí)候要積極主動(dòng)的去預(yù)測同義替換與結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換形式，而不是被動(dòng)的接受。一般來說，最常出現(xiàn)的同義替換與結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化包括：同義詞或詞組的替換,例如reserve替換為book;詞性替換，如reserve替換為make a reservation，effect替換為affect;解釋性替換，如human lifestyles替換為the ways in which we choose to live等等。建議同學(xué)們平常在做完題之后，再多聽幾遍，找出題目中出現(xiàn)的同義替換詞。

　?、弁评砼袛?/p>

　　搭配題除了會(huì)出現(xiàn)同義替換與結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換之外，還會(huì)出現(xiàn)推理判斷。聽力音頻中不會(huì)直接告訴你正確答案，而是會(huì)給出一些提示信息，同學(xué)們要通過這些提示信息進(jìn)行簡單推理即可得出正確答案。

　　了解了搭配題的題型特點(diǎn)與出題特點(diǎn)之后，我們要清楚它的做題步驟。

　?、僮⒁馄ヅ溥x項(xiàng)數(shù)量

　　拿到搭配題后，先確定搭配選項(xiàng)與題干之間是“一對(duì)一”還是“一對(duì)多”。

　?、诳搭}干，找到信號(hào)詞(定位詞)，注意信號(hào)詞在聽力音頻中會(huì)出現(xiàn)同義替換和結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換。

　　③根據(jù)“順序原則”把握原文脈絡(luò)。

　　④看搭配選項(xiàng)，劃下關(guān)鍵詞，注意關(guān)鍵詞在聽力音頻中會(huì)出現(xiàn)替換或推理判斷。

　　在這里，我們以劍橋真題為例，具體講解一下搭配題。

　　Choose FOUR answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-F, next to questions 37-40.

　　A gave false data

　　B decided to stop participating

　　C refused to tell Shona about their job

　　D kept changing their mind about participating

　　E became very angry with Shona

　　F was worried about confidentiality

　　People interviewed by Shona

　　37 a person interviewed in the street ………

　　38 an undergraduate at the university ………

　　39 a colleague in her department ………

　　40 a tutor in a foreign university ………

　　做題步驟：

　　題目中方框內(nèi)的信息(A-F)為搭配選項(xiàng)，下面(題號(hào)37-40)為題干部分。

　　我們先確定搭配選項(xiàng)與題干之間為“一對(duì)一”。

　　然后再看題干部分，找出每個(gè)題目的信號(hào)詞(定位詞)。37題信號(hào)詞為“person” “street”;38題信號(hào)詞為“undergraduate”;39題信號(hào)詞為“colleague”;40題信號(hào)詞為“tutor”。根據(jù)“順序原則”我們很清楚的知道聽力音頻中肯定會(huì)先說37題再說38題，以此類推。

　　最后再看搭配選項(xiàng)，劃出關(guān)鍵詞。選項(xiàng)A關(guān)鍵詞為“false data”;選項(xiàng)B關(guān)鍵詞為“stop participating”;選項(xiàng)C關(guān)鍵詞為“refuse to tell job”;選項(xiàng)D關(guān)鍵詞為“kept changing mind”;選項(xiàng)E關(guān)鍵詞為“angry with Shona”;選項(xiàng)F關(guān)鍵詞為“confidentiality”。

　　在聽音頻的時(shí)候，要時(shí)刻提醒自己注意題干信號(hào)詞與搭配選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞會(huì)出現(xiàn)同義替換和結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換或推理判斷。同學(xué)們在做題的過程中，如果反應(yīng)速度慢的話，可以在題干旁做一些簡單的筆記，記下關(guān)鍵信息，最后再與搭配選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行對(duì)比，選出正確答案。

　　聽力配對(duì)題題目解析

　　在聽力音頻中，37題信號(hào)詞“person” “street”替換成“subject”“shopping in town”,聽力音頻中提到“pull out”與選項(xiàng)B的關(guān)鍵詞“stop participating”替換，所以37題選B;38題信號(hào)詞“undergraduate”替換成“a first-year student”，聽力音頻中提到“no name would be traceable”與選項(xiàng)F的關(guān)鍵詞“confidentiality”替換，所以38題選F;39題信號(hào)詞“colleague”替換成“one of the people that I work with”, 聽力音頻中提到“one minute he said he’d do it, then the next day he wouldn’t, and in the end he did do it”與選項(xiàng)D的關(guān)鍵詞“kept changing mind”替換，所以39題選D;40題信號(hào)詞“tutor”替換成“teacher”, 聽力音頻中提到“he wouldn’t tell me what his work involved”與選項(xiàng)C的關(guān)鍵詞“refuse to tell job”替換，所以40題選C。