雅思聽力中的觀點題及其應用

　　(1)直接表述觀點

　　這種形式考生比較容易辨認，因為人物的語言自始至終是保持同一論調，考生的第一印象判斷和聽完后文內容的判斷是一致的，所以解題不容易錯。我們舉例來看看這種語言模式。

　　Well, do you think people can tell you their real thoughts just through phone? Without person-to-person contact, it is unlikely for you to dig deep into their minds and unlikely to get truth.

　　考生聽到第一句話時，從語言的反問語氣可以判斷發(fā)言者的觀點是不支持的——“你認為人們會通過電話告訴你真實的想法嗎?”，第二句其實是對第一句話的解釋——“沒有面對面的接觸，你不太可能發(fā)掘他們的內心想法，不太可能知道真相“，所以觀點是反對的。

　　因為大部分情況下，英文是首句中心句，段落其他部分是支持中心句的內容，所以聽到首句就是主要意思，因此這種模式相對簡單，但是考生也要能聽出表示觀點的詞，比如贊成(support, be for …,go for… be on the side of…, quite agree with…)，中立( mutual, just so so, you can try it, not the best)，反對( not good, be against…, not recommend…, better avoid …)，喜歡(be favor of, like, prefer)，一般態(tài)度(it’s ok, but…)，不喜歡(dislike)，必須( must, it is necessary…)，依情況而定( it depends)，沒必要( not necessary)，等等。

　　(2)間接表述觀點

　　有的時候，發(fā)言者為了充分地表達自己的觀點，或者為了使自己的觀點顯得不偏激，會很委婉地表述觀點。比如：

　　Well, I don’t think you should start with the case study too early unless you have made full preparation or you might find you can’t meet the deadline. However, it really is the best approach you can try to get people’s response though it is somewhat time-consuming. If you think you can spare your study time, just go for it.

　　由于第一句話出現(xiàn)don’t think，所以很多考生會潛意識將主體判為否定的觀點。然而，轉折詞However出現(xiàn)以后，要特別小心，因為意思上會有大的轉變，這里的it really is the best approach就是很大的一個轉折，說明發(fā)言的人是持支持的態(tài)度的。此外，最后一句話是總結性的觀點，一句just go for it非常清楚地再次表示其支持觀點。

　　因此，在聽觀點題時不要被第一印象影響，一定要聽后面的話是否有轉折詞，如果有，那第一印象是不準的，轉折詞后的內容才是判斷的依據(jù)。有些情況在最后還會有總結性的表示觀點的語言，那么中心意思應該在總結語言里。所以，當聽到表轉折的詞，如however, but, nevertheless和表示總結的詞，如so，那么真實的觀點應在這些詞之后。

　　以下舉幾個直接和間接表達觀點的例子，以加深對此類題型的理解。

　　直接觀點表達：

　　Another hazard for your back are the shock waves which travel up your spine when you walk, known as heel strike. A real find for our patients has been the shock-absorbing shoe insert. A cheap but very effective solution.——支持

　　Finally, a word about the state-of-the-art relief- the TENS machine-a small battery-powered gadget which delivers subliminal electrical pulses to the skin. Our experience indicates that your money is better spent on the more old-fashioned remedies.——反對

　　It can be useful to get special orthopaedic chairs, but remember the most important improvement should be in OUR posture.——中立

　　Though absolutely flat shoes can be a solution for some, others find their posture suffers——中立

　　間接觀點表達：

　　Through observation study, you can just watch and take notes. And you can get some unforeseeable results from people’s behavior, but it can only cover certain aspects. Therefore, you need other research method to assist it. But you can try if you want.——中立

　　Well, I think questionnaires are very good at telling you how people fill in questionnaires, but they tell you very little else. So better avoid it.——反對

　　Face-to-face interview can help you get people’s facial expressions and body language, through which you can identify what they genuinely have in mind. But it depends sometimes. Not everyone is willing to open his or her mind to you. ——中立