四六級(jí)聽(tīng)力答題技巧之常用句式及短語(yǔ)(二)

二、日常用語(yǔ)(Everyday English)

日常問(wèn)候用語(yǔ)是考生必須熟練運(yùn)用的知識(shí)，這與考生的口語(yǔ)操練有很大關(guān)系。說(shuō)促進(jìn)聽(tīng)，是許多英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者的心得。而且日常問(wèn)候要視人而定，如英國(guó)人見(jiàn)面談天氣，美國(guó)人見(jiàn)面問(wèn)身體等。下面作詳細(xì)介紹：

1.問(wèn)候類(lèi)(Greetings)

英語(yǔ)中的問(wèn)候用語(yǔ)非常繁多，正式的通常有：

How do you do ?(初次見(jiàn)面通常用語(yǔ))

How are you?(比較熟悉的人之間用語(yǔ))

How are you getting along with...?(你近來(lái).。.可好?)

How are you doing?(您工作還順利吧?)

How is everything?(一切還好吧?)

How is your vacation/holiday(s)/Christmas Day/weekend?(假期怎么樣?)

當(dāng)今美國(guó)社會(huì)流行口語(yǔ)用語(yǔ)，大致有：

What's up?(近來(lái)可忙?)

Hello?Hi?

What's going on ?(近來(lái)可好?)

How is life?

How is it going?anything new?

Pleased to meet you again!

對(duì)以上問(wèn)候的對(duì)答通常有How do you do!

Fine!Thank you，and you?

Every is fine!

I'm just great!

Very(quite)well，thank you!

Couldn't be better，thank you!

Not bad!

Can't complain!

Just soso.

值得一提的是，隨著美語(yǔ)越來(lái)越廣泛地滲透，聽(tīng)力中用美語(yǔ)朗讀且以美國(guó)社會(huì)為背景的題材的趨勢(shì)愈加明顯?？忌⒁馊粘？谡Z(yǔ)對(duì)話(huà)，及時(shí)吸取信息，將對(duì)聽(tīng)力有很大的幫助。請(qǐng)看下面的對(duì)話(huà)：

A：Good morning, Ms Lucy. This is Betty, can you still remember me?

B：Betty? Is it really? Surely I remember you. You are my good friend, and I haven't seen you for ages, but how are you?

A：Fine, I'm just fine, Ms Lucy...

2.告別類(lèi)(Farewell)

有聚總有散。告別情景的設(shè)置往往并非簡(jiǎn)單、直接地告別，常伴隨著理由、托辭等。直接的告別話(huà)語(yǔ)有：

Good bye! (Bye?bye! Bye!)

See you (tomorrow)! See you later!

So long! Farewell!

委婉的告別辭有：

I'd like to say goodbye to everyone.

I'm afraid I must be going now.

I'm calling to say goodbye.

其他帶有祝愿以及叮囑等的告別辭有：

I'll look forward to seeing you soon.

Let's hope we'll meet again.

Hope to see you again.

Drop in anytime you like.

Mind how you go, bye!

Take care of yourself, and don't forget to keep in touch.

Do keep in touch!

My regards to your family.

A pleasant journey to you!

I'll miss you!

Be Good!

這種表達(dá)方式與中國(guó)人的日常言談?lì)H為相似，所以有時(shí)不妨可作大膽推測(cè)。

請(qǐng)?jiān)谙旅娴膶?duì)話(huà)中對(duì)此加以體會(huì)：

M: I'm afraid I've got to go now。

W: Can't you stay just another minute?

M: Oh, dear, I really have to...

W: Ok, take care of yourself, and I will miss you. Bye!

M: Bye!...

3. 介紹(Introduction)

在日常生活中我們會(huì)經(jīng)常碰到一些朋友小聚會(huì)，生日晚會(huì)等場(chǎng)面。在這些活動(dòng)中，總會(huì)有一些我們不認(rèn)識(shí)的人，因而互相介紹在這里就顯得非常的重要。在聽(tīng)力中，人物介紹往往是一句帶過(guò)，因此通過(guò)這些有限句子弄清人物關(guān)系十分重要。同時(shí)要注意語(yǔ)氣的委婉。

英語(yǔ)中介紹性的語(yǔ)句通常有：

May I know your name?(請(qǐng)問(wèn)貴姓?)

It's my pleasure to introduce you to each other。(我非常高興給你們互相介紹)

May I introduce Mr. Bill to you all?(請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我給大家介紹以下比爾先生)

Margaret，can you introduce me to her?(瑪格麗特，你能不能把我介紹給她?)

Let me introduce you to others。(讓我給大家介紹一下你吧)

Meet my sister Cathy。(這是我的姐(妹)凱絲)

Bill, this is Tom.

Hi, I'm Susan，this is my calling card。(你好!我是蘇珊，這是我的名片)

下面是對(duì)話(huà)：

A: Mum, this is Peter. I mentioned him to you yesterday. He is my new boyfriend!

B: Oh, yeah, I see. Glad to meet you, Peter.

C: Glad to meet you too, Mrs Back. This is my calling card.

B: Oh, the manager of IMC. How come? Mary, you said last night he was only a milkman…

A: Yeah, mum. Peter is a milkman. He is the manager of International Milk Corporation. You see, he is the only person in his corporation he founded this morning.

B: My God!

4. 邀請(qǐng)和拜訪(fǎng)(Invitation and dropping in)

我們?cè)谌粘Ｉ钪?，?jīng)常會(huì)邀請(qǐng)他人或被邀請(qǐng)一起去做一些事，如參加一些朋友的聚會(huì)、拜訪(fǎng)長(zhǎng)輩或名人。英美人說(shuō)話(huà)很委婉，要注意情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與固定句型的應(yīng)用。邀請(qǐng)有書(shū)面的，也有口頭的。英語(yǔ)中常用的邀請(qǐng)語(yǔ)有

Would you like to come over our small party?(你愿意參加我們的小聚會(huì)嗎?)

If you ever in Beijing, please do look me up。(如果你來(lái)北京，請(qǐng)一定來(lái)看我)

Would you like to join us?(喜歡和我們一起嗎?)

Shall we dance?(我們可以跳個(gè)舞嗎?)

Shall we go for a walk?(去散步，好嗎?)

What about another coffee? (再來(lái)一杯咖啡?)

Shall we go to see a film?(去看電影，好嗎?)

May I have a dance with you?(可以請(qǐng)你跳個(gè)舞嗎?)

We'd be very honored if you come to our wedding ceremony。(如果你能參加婚禮，我們將感到非常的榮幸。)

Would you honor us with a visit?(可否賞光來(lái)我們這兒?)

I'd like to invite you to attend our graduation ceremony。(我希望你能參加我們的畢業(yè)典禮。)

I'm very sorry， but can we make it another time?(很對(duì)不起，下次可以嗎?)

Welcome to our city!(歡迎光臨我們的城市!)

Are you free this evening? I want to pay you a visit。(晚上有時(shí)間嗎? 我想去看你。)

I really can't thank you enough for the invitation。(得到你的邀請(qǐng)， 我感激涕零。)

It's my great honor to attend this grand graduation ceremony。(能參加這次盛大的畢業(yè)典禮，我感到非常的榮幸。)

對(duì)于別人邀請(qǐng)的回答要注意分寸，也要禮貌對(duì)待?？傊?quot;客套"是此類(lèi)對(duì)話(huà)的本質(zhì)。在聽(tīng)力題目的情景對(duì)話(huà)中，邀請(qǐng)的日常用語(yǔ)也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。下面是一些模擬聽(tīng)力對(duì)話(huà)：

Dialogue 1

M: Will you do me the honor of dancing with me, Mrs. Jones?

W: Oh, I'm really sorry. I've done too much of it.

M: Ok, I see...

Dialogue 2

M: Would you like to see a film with me tonight?

W: Oh, it is great.

Dialogue 3

M: How about have a drink in that bar?

W: I'm afraid I can't...