英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中，關(guān)于用詞的一個(gè)警告

關(guān)于用詞的一個(gè)警告

Once in an essay written by a man who had studied in England for several years I saw the word “destruct”, which was evidently used in the sense of “destroy”. At another time, I saw the same word, evidently used in the same sense, in an illustrated magazine1 published in Shanghai. At still another time I saw the word “destroyal” used in the sense of “destruction” by a man apparently well educated in English.

有一次，我從一個(gè)曾經(jīng)在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)多年的人寫(xiě)的一篇文章中見(jiàn)到“destruct”這個(gè)詞，它明顯地被用作“destroy”來(lái)解釋了。另外一次，我在一本上海出版的有圖畫(huà)的雜志中見(jiàn)到同一個(gè)詞，它顯然用了相同的意義。還有一次，我見(jiàn)到“destroyal”這個(gè)詞被一位顯然受過(guò)良好英語(yǔ)教育的人用作“destruction”來(lái)解釋。

In fact, however, the verb is “destroy” and the noun is “destruction”, and there do not exist the words “destruct” and “destroyal.”

可是事實(shí)上動(dòng)詞是“destroy”，名詞是“destruction”，并不存在“destruct”和“destroyal”這兩個(gè)詞。

I do not think that the users of these non-existing words did not know the correct words. They were careless enough, though2. They just seized upon a combination of letters that looked like the word they wanted. It is true that these non-existing words may be understood by all who see them. But, of course, they cannot therefore justify themselves3.

我認(rèn)為用那些不存在的詞的人們應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)那些正確的詞。但他們很粗心，只抓住了看來(lái)像他們所要的詞的一組字母。的確這些并不存在的詞也許會(huì)被所有見(jiàn)到它們的人所理解。但是它們當(dāng)然不能因此而有存在的理由。

Often in the English written by Chinese I find words that do not really exist. They use such words either because they do not know the correct words or merely because they are careless—or even because they believe they have a good knowledge of English word-building4. At any rate5, this is a very bad fault peculiar to those who are not at home in English6.

在中國(guó)的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者寫(xiě)的英語(yǔ)中，我時(shí)常見(jiàn)到并不真正存在的詞。他們用這種詞，或許因?yàn)樗麄儾徽J(rèn)得那些正確的詞，或許因?yàn)樗麄冎皇谴中?mdash;—更有甚者因?yàn)橄嘈潘麄冏约河兄鴺?gòu)詞法的良好知識(shí)。無(wú)論如何，這是并未精通英語(yǔ)的人們所特有的一個(gè)很不好的毛病。

I would therefore advise you to use no word that you are not sure you have seen used by standard authors, and to consult your dictionary in cases of doubt.

所以，我建議你別用任何你不確定看到標(biāo)準(zhǔn)作家們使用過(guò)的詞，有疑問(wèn)便查詞典。

One word more7 of warning. It is possible that you sometimes use a word that is recorded in your dictionary, but which is not in common use, and which you use not because you are sure of its existence but simply because you think it is the word you want. For instance, because you know the noun “aggression” and the adjective “aggressive”, you may use the verb “aggress”—which, however, is a very uncommon word.

另有一言相告。可能你有時(shí)用的一個(gè)詞的確記載在詞典中，但它并不通用，你用它并非因?yàn)槟愦_定它是存在的，而只因?yàn)槟阋詾樗悄闼哪莻€(gè)詞。舉例來(lái)說(shuō)，因?yàn)槟阒烂~“aggression”和形容詞“aggressive”，你可能就用了動(dòng)詞“aggress”——可這是一個(gè)很不普遍的詞。