英語寫作：美國學(xué)生的寫作套路 你知道嗎？

As you've probably noticed, essay writing assignments can popup in any class.Any time you have to write anessay, you shouldbegin with a frame based on the parts below.

可能你有注意過，任何一門課都可能出現(xiàn)寫作任務(wù)。每次寫作你都可以采用下面提供的框架。

Introduction

導(dǎo)言

The introduction is the first paragraph in your essay, and itshould accomplish a few specific goals.

導(dǎo)言是文章的首段，應(yīng)達到一下幾個目的。

1. Capture the reader's interest.

吸引讀者興趣

It's a good idea to start your essay with a really interesting statement, in order to pique thereader's interest.

要吸引讀者的興趣，開頭采用一段有趣的陳述是個好方法。

Avoid starting out with a boring line like this:

但要避免無聊的行文，比如：

"In this essay I will explain why Rosa Parks was an important figure."

“在這篇文章里，我要闡明為何羅莎·帕克斯是個偉人。”

Instead, try something with a bit of a surprise factor, like this statement:

相反，可以試著引用讓人驚訝的事情，比如：

"A Michigan museum recently paid $492,000 for an old, dilapidated bus from Montgomery,Alabama."

“最近，密歇根的一家博物館話費4.92萬美元從亞拉巴馬州蒙哥馬利市購進了一輛老舊的公交車。”

The second sentence sounds much more interesting, doesn't it? It would encourage most peopleto keep on reading.

相比之下第二句話更吸引人，是吧?這會吸引大多數(shù)讀者往下讀。

2. Introduce the topic.

介紹話題

The next few sentences should explain your first statement, and prepare the reader for your thesisstatement.

接下來的幾句話應(yīng)該開始陳述，讓讀者接受你的論點。

"The old yellow bus was reported to be the very one that sparked the civil rights movement, whena young woman named Rosa Parks..."

“據(jù)說，正是這輛老舊的黃色公交車點燃了民權(quán)運動的火花，當時，車上有一位名叫羅莎·帕克斯的年輕女性乘客……”

3. Make a claim or express your opinion in a thesis sentence.

用中心句表達觀點

At the end of your introductory paragraph, you will place a powerful thesis statement. Your thesissentence should provide your specific assertion and convey a clear point of view.

在導(dǎo)言段的結(jié)尾處，你要表明有力的中心論點。中心論點應(yīng)該是具體、明確的判斷。

"In refusing to surrender her seat to a white man, Rosa Parks inspired a freedom movement thatlives on, even today."

“羅莎·帕克斯拒絕向白人讓座，拉開了自由運動的序幕，而這場運動一直延續(xù)至今。”

Body

主體

The body of the essay will include three paragraphs (if this is a five-paragraph essay), each limitedto one main idea that supports your thesis. You should state your idea, then back it up with two orthree sentences of evidence or examples.

文章的主題應(yīng)該包含三個段落(如果這是一篇五段論文章的話)，每一段都有一個中心思想來支持文章的中心論點。你要闡述觀點，再用三兩句話擺出證據(jù)，或舉出例子。

Example of a main idea:

中心思想舉例：

"It took incredible courage for an African American woman to make such a bold stance in 1955Alabama."

“在1995年的亞拉巴馬，一位黑人女性要做出如此的舉動需要十足的勇氣。”

Offer evidence to support this statement:

提供證據(jù)支撐：

"This act took place in an era when African Americans could be arrested and face severe retributionfor committing the most trivial acts of defiance."

“在那個的年代，美國黑人做出的任意微小的反抗都可能導(dǎo)致逮捕以及嚴重的懲罰。”

Include a few more supporting statements with further evidence, then use transition words to leadto the paragraph that follows. All of your body paragraphs should follow the pattern of statement,supporting ideas, and transition statement.

再進一步闡述證據(jù)支撐論點以后，就要用一些過渡詞銜接到下一段。主體部分的所有段落都應(yīng)遵循這一模式：論點、證據(jù)支撐、過渡。

Words to use as you transition from one paragraph to another:

過渡詞舉例：

moreover furthermore 此外

in fact 事實上

on the whole總體來看

as a result結(jié)果是

simply put簡單地說

for this reason因此

similarly likewise同樣的

it follows that接著

naturally自然地

by comparison相反

surely當然

yet但是

The fifth paragraph of your five-paragraph essay will be your conclusion.

五段論的第五段要做總結(jié)。

Conclusion

總結(jié)

The final paragraph will summarize your main points and re-assert your main claim. It should pointout your main points, but should not repeat specific examples. Once you complete the first draftof your essay, it's a good idea to re-visit the thesis statement in your first paragraph. Read youressay to see if it flows well.

最后一段用來總結(jié)你的觀點，重新證實你的中心論點。你要指出中心論點，但不用舉例證明。寫完初稿后，重新瀏覽一遍首段中提出的中心論點是個好方法。再通讀一遍文章，看看行文是否流暢。