英文寫作方法

　　英語寫作方法六大原則：

　　1. advanced words (高級(jí)詞匯原則)

　　2. adverbial advanced (狀語提前原則)

　　3. phrases preferred (短語優(yōu)先原則)

　　4.compound sentence, composite sentence and sentence of special kind (并列句、復(fù)合句和特殊句式原則)

　　5. long and short sentences alternately (長短句交替原則)

　　6. passages in paragraphs(短文分段分層原則)

　　高分作文的五大特性

　　1. sense of order (條理性: 段落完整，層次分明)

　　2. accuracy (準(zhǔn)確性: 語法準(zhǔn)確，用詞精當(dāng))

　　3. fluency (流暢性: 層次清晰，行文連貫)

　　4. conciseness & variety (簡潔、多樣性: 語言簡潔，不重復(fù))

　　5. ideological content (思想性: 文章立意高，表達(dá)個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)內(nèi)容積極向上)

　　過渡詞的使用

　　過渡詞是一種關(guān)系指引詞，一般由副詞或起副詞作用的短語承擔(dān)。此外，代詞、連詞、上下文的近義詞等也可作過渡詞。過渡詞猶如“橋梁”，在文章中發(fā)揮著連接上下文的作用，學(xué)會(huì)恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用過渡詞會(huì)使文章結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合，過渡自然，融會(huì)貫通，連成一體。

　　1、根據(jù)意思和作用的不同，過渡詞可以分為以下十六類：

　　(1)表并列關(guān)系的過渡詞：

　　and, also， as well, as well as， or, too, not only…but also, both … and, either … or, neither…nor等。

　　(2)表遞進(jìn)關(guān)系的過渡詞：

　　besides, in addition(加之，除……之外), moreover(此外，而且), what’s more， what’s worse等。

　　(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比的過渡詞：

　　but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, although, different from, despite, in spite of, whereas, unlike, nevertheless, not only…but also, here…there, years ago…today, this…that, the former…the latter, then…now, the first… whereas the second, once…now, on the one hand … on the other hand, some…others等。

　　(4)表原因的過渡詞：

　　because, because of, since, as, for, now that, thanks to, due to(由于), for this reason, owing to, as far as, considering that, seeing that等。

　　(5)表結(jié)果的過渡詞：

　　so, thus, therefore, as a result, so that, then, thereby, hence, so…that, such…that?, accordingly等。??

　　(6)表?xiàng)l件的過渡詞：

　　if, unless, on condition that, as/so long as等。

　　(7)表時(shí)間的過渡詞：

　　when, while, after, before, until, as soon as, later, afterwards, soon, lately, recently, since, from then on,? eventually, in the meantime, then, suddenly, at the same time, next, early this morning / year / century, after a while, in a few days, now, presently, finally, at last, all of a sudden, form now on, at present, immediately, the moment等。

　　(8)表特定的順序關(guān)系的過渡詞：

　　first, firstly, second, secondly, third, thirdly, above all, first of all, then, next, finally, in the end, at last, afterward(s)(后來), meanwhile(幾乎同時(shí)), thereafter(在那以后), last, finally, eventually(終于)等。

　　(9)表換一種方式表達(dá)的過渡詞：

　　in other words, that is to say, to put it another way等。

　　(10)表進(jìn)行舉例說明的過渡詞：

　　for instance, for example, take … as an example, namely, such as, like, in other words, that is to say, that is等。

　　(11)表陳述事實(shí)的過渡詞：

　　in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, to tell you the truth等。

　　(12)表強(qiáng)調(diào)的過渡詞：

　　certainly, indeed, above all, surely, most important, in fact, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, of course, actually, as a matter of fact, chiefly, especially, primarily, in particular, undoubtedly, absolutely等。

　　(13)表比較、對(duì)比的過渡詞：

　　like, unlike, in the same way, similarly, be similar to, rather than, on the contrary, by contrast, one one hand…, on the other hand, otherwise 等。

　　(14)表目的的過渡詞：

　　for this reason, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to等。

　　(15)表總結(jié)的過渡詞：

　　in a word(總之，簡言之), in general, in short(總之), above all, after all, generally speaking, to sum up, finally, in conclusion, to conclude, at last, in summary, on the whole等。

　　(16)表增補(bǔ)的過渡詞：in addition, furthermore, again, also, besides, moreover, what’s more, similarly, next, finally 等。

　　2、文章段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系主要由過渡詞來完成，在修辭中稱為啟、承、轉(zhuǎn)、合。“啟”就是開頭, “承”是承接，“轉(zhuǎn)”是轉(zhuǎn)折，“合”是綜合或總結(jié)。

　　(1) “啟”。

　　用于表示“啟”的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落或文章的開頭：

　　過渡詞： first, first of all, at first, in the first place, firstly, to being with, to start with, recently, now, at present, in recent years, in general, generally speaking, at present, lately, currently,

　　過渡句：It is often said that…,

　　As the proverb says…,

　　It goes without saying that…,

　　It is clear/obvious that…,

　　Many people often ask …

　　(2) “承”。

　　表示“承”的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落中的第一個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中：

　　過渡詞： second, similarly, in addition, besides, then, furthermore, moreover, what is more, what

　　is worse, for example, for instance, certainly, surely, obviously, in other words, especially, particularly, in particular, indeed, still, third, truly, in fact, at the same time, no doubt，

　　過渡句：It is true that…,

　　Everybody knows that…,

　　It can be easily proved that…,

　　No one can deny that…

　　The reason why …is that …,

　　There is no doubt that…,

　　To take…for an example (instance) …,

　　We know that…,

　　What is more serious is that…

　　(3)“轉(zhuǎn)”。

　　用于“轉(zhuǎn)”的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落中的第二個(gè)擴(kuò)展句中：

　　過渡詞：but, however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, in any case, at any rate(無論如何), nevertheless(雖然如此), otherwise, or, or else, while, whereas, but, despite, inspite of ..., yet, instead,

　　過渡句：I do not believe that…,

　　Perhaps you’ll ask why…

　　This may be true, but we still have a problem with regard to…,

　　Though we are in basic agreement with …, yet differences will be found,

　　That’s why i feel that…

　　(4) “合”。

　　用于“合”的過渡詞或過渡性的語句通常用在段落的結(jié)論句或文章的結(jié)論段中：

　　過渡詞： in a word, in general, in short, above all, after all, generally speaking，to sum up, finally, in conclusion, at last, in summary, therefore, as a result, above all, thus，after all(畢竟), eventually, hence, in short, in conclusion, in a word, in sum(總之), on the whole(就整體而言), to sum up

　　過渡句：From this point of view …

　　On account of this we can find that …

　　The result is dependent on …

　　Thus, this is the reason why we must…

　　長短句結(jié)合

　　(1)句子既要生動(dòng)，又要簡明扼要。

　　(2)在寫作中應(yīng)避免使用相同長度的相同句型，而應(yīng)注意句式的變化，如長短句結(jié)合，簡單句、復(fù)雜句和復(fù)合句并用，還可以使用簡化句等，一些較復(fù)雜的結(jié)構(gòu)如獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)，分詞結(jié)構(gòu)等也可以使用。

　　(3)可以使用一些特殊句式，如強(qiáng)調(diào)句、感嘆句、倒裝句等，增強(qiáng)語句的表現(xiàn)力，以增加文章“亮點(diǎn)”。強(qiáng)烈建議：在文章第一段(開頭)用一長一短，且先長后短;在文章主體部分，要先用一個(gè)短句解釋主要意思，然后在闡述幾個(gè)要點(diǎn)的時(shí)候采用先短后長的句群形式，定會(huì)讓主體部分妙筆生輝!文章結(jié)尾一般用一長一短就可以了。