卡耐基演講·一、在日常生活中加以運(yùn)用

我們用其中一個(gè)技巧來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明。在第二章中，我曾建議大家在講演時(shí)加入一些細(xì)節(jié)，這樣可使意念生動(dòng)形象地展現(xiàn)在聽(tīng)眾眼前。這種技巧不僅在當(dāng)眾演講時(shí)很有效，而且在日常交流中也十分重要。想一想自己所熟知的那些幽默家，他們是不是都具備有效使用形象語(yǔ)言的本領(lǐng)？是不是在談話(huà)過(guò)程中加入了許多五彩繽紛、富有戲劇性的細(xì)節(jié)呢？Take just one of these techniques, for instance. Remember in Chapter Four I appealed to you to put detail in your talk. In that way you make your ideas come alive, in a vivid and graphic way. Of course I was thinking mainly of speaking before groups. But isn't the use of detail just as important in everyday conversation? Just think for a moment of the really interesting conversationalists of your acquaintance. Aren't they the ones who fill their talk with colorful, dramatic details, who have the ability to use picturesque speech?

在培養(yǎng)說(shuō)話(huà)技巧以前，必須有充分的自信心，這一點(diǎn)在本書(shū)第一章中分加以強(qiáng)調(diào)。自信心能給你一種安全感，使你勇于和他人相處，并在非正式的社交場(chǎng)合自由地發(fā)表自己的看法。一旦你對(duì)表達(dá)自己的思想充滿(mǎn)了激情，即使在很小的場(chǎng)合，也會(huì)努力搜尋自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)作為談資。這樣一來(lái)，奇跡就發(fā)生了——視野變得更加開(kāi)闊，并且對(duì)自己的生命有了新一層的意義。Before you can begin to develop your conversational skills you must have confidence. So almost all that was said in the first three chapters of this book will be useful in giving you the security to mix with others and to voice your opinions in an informal social group. Once you are eager to express your ideas even on a limited scale, you will begin to search your experience for material that can be converted to conversation Here a wonderful thing happens-your horizons begin to expand and you see your life take on new meaning.

家庭主婦們的興趣往往局限于狹小的天地里，她們一旦在小的社交圈子里用上了談話(huà)的技巧之后，往往會(huì)興奮地匯報(bào)自己的新體驗(yàn)：“我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己重新獲得了信心，它使我有足夠的勇氣在社交場(chǎng)合站起來(lái)發(fā)言?！惫靥谛列聊翘嵫葜v訓(xùn)練班里這樣對(duì)同學(xué)說(shuō)：“我開(kāi)始對(duì)時(shí)事產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣，不再對(duì)參加聚會(huì)而膽怯。而且我的許多人生體驗(yàn)都成為談話(huà)的材料。我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己開(kāi)始對(duì)許多新的社會(huì)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了濃厚的興趣?！盚ousewives, whose interests may have become somewhat restricted, have been most enthusiastic in reporting what happens when they begin to apply their knowledge of speaking techniques to small conversational groups. "I realize that my newly found confidence gave me courage to speak up at social functions," Mrs. R. D. Hart told her classmates in Cincinnati, "and I began taking an interest in current events. Instead of withdrawing from the give and take of the group I eagerly joined it. Not only that, but everything I did became grist for the conversational mill and I found myself becoming interested in a host of new activities."

哈特太太的體驗(yàn)，對(duì)于一位從事語(yǔ)言和交流訓(xùn)練的教育家而言已司空見(jiàn)慣。“學(xué)習(xí)”和“運(yùn)用所學(xué)”的動(dòng)力一旦受到刺激，就會(huì)開(kāi)始一連串的行動(dòng)與交互作用，使人的個(gè)性變得活潑開(kāi)朗起來(lái)，并且進(jìn)入一種良性循環(huán)。如同哈特太太所言，只要將本書(shū)里的一項(xiàng)原則付諸實(shí)施，就能給人帶來(lái)莫大的充實(shí)感。To an educator there is nothing new in Mrs. Hart's grateful report. Once the drive to learn and to apply what has been learned is stimulated, it starts a whole train of action and interaction that vivifies the entire personality. A cycle of achievement is set up and, like Mrs. Hart, one gets the feeling of fulfillment, all through putting into practice just one of the principles taught in this book.

我們中大多數(shù)人都不是授業(yè)解惑的老師，但是卻時(shí)時(shí)刻刻要用言語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)自己的思想，譬如父母教訓(xùn)子女，園藝師教授他人修剪玫瑰的新方法，觀(guān)光客們就最佳的旅行路線(xiàn)彼此交換意見(jiàn)等，在種種說(shuō)話(huà)的場(chǎng)合中，人們需要清晰、連貫地思考，需要強(qiáng)勁有力的表達(dá)方式。第三章所講述的各種技巧同樣適用于這些情況。Though few of us are professional teachers, all of us use speech to inform others on many occasions during the day. As parents instructing our children, as neighbors explaining a new method of pruning roses, as tourists exchanging ideas on the best route to follow, we constantly find ourselves in conversational situations that require clarity and coherence of thought, vitality and vigor of expression. What was said in Chapter Eight in relation to the talk to inform is applicable in these situations as well.