卡耐基演講·三、多舉實(shí)例

在魯多夫·弗烈區(qū)的《暢達(dá)的寫作藝術(shù)》一書中，有一章的第一句是：“只有故事才能真正暢達(dá)可讀。”魯多夫·弗烈區(qū)接著用《時(shí)代》雜志與《讀者文摘》來(lái)作為例子。他說(shuō)，在這兩份雄踞暢銷排行榜首位的雜志里，沒有一篇文章不是純粹的記敘，沒有不慷慨大方地綴滿了趣聞?shì)W事。對(duì)于當(dāng)眾演講和編寫雜志而言，故事具有駕馭人注意力的力量。這一點(diǎn)沒有人可以否認(rèn)。In the Art of Readable Writing, Rudolf Flesch begins one of his chapters with this sentence:" Only stories are really readable." He then shows how this principle is used by Time and Reader's Digest.Almost every article in these top-circulation magazines either is written as pure narrative or is generously sprinkled with anecdotes. There is no denying the power of a story to hold attention in talking before groups as well as writing for magazines.

諾曼·文森·皮爾牧師的講道，曾通過(guò)收音機(jī)和電視機(jī)被無(wú)數(shù)的人們接受。他說(shuō)，在講演中他最愛舉出實(shí)例，作為支持自己論點(diǎn)的材料。他對(duì)《演講季刊》的采訪人說(shuō)：“使用真實(shí)的例子，是我知道的最好的方法。它可以使一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)清楚而有趣，更有說(shuō)服力。通常，我總是同時(shí)使用好幾個(gè)例證來(lái)證明每一個(gè)論點(diǎn)?！盢orman Vincent Peale, whose sermons have been heard by millions on radio and television, says that his favorite form of supporting material in a talk is the illustration or example. He once told an interviewer from the Quarterly Journal of Speech that" the true example is the finest method I know of to make an idea clear, interesting, and persuasive. Usually,I use several examples to support each major point."

閱讀我的書的讀者，也會(huì)很快發(fā)現(xiàn)我同樣喜歡用有趣的事情來(lái)概括總結(jié)出要點(diǎn)。《人性的弱點(diǎn)》一書中的法則，列出來(lái)只有一頁(yè)半，其余的兩百頁(yè)里都是故事和例證，它們給人們指出使用這些法則的方法。Readers of my books are soon aware of my use of the anecdote as a means of developing the main points of my message. The rules from How to Win Friends and Influence People can be listed on one and a half pages. The other two hundred and thirty pages of the book are filled with stories and illustrations to point up how others have used these rules with wholesome effect.

那么，講演中怎么樣做才好呢？概括起來(lái)有五種方法：要人性化、個(gè)人化、翔實(shí)化、戲劇化和視覺化。How can we acquire this most important technique of using illustrative material? There are five ways of doing this: Humanize, Personalize, Specify, Dramatize, and Visualize.