卡耐基演講·如何獲得演講的基本技巧

1912年，也就是“泰坦尼克”號(hào)郵輪在北大西洋冰海沉沒(méi)的那一年，我開(kāi)始教授當(dāng)眾演講的課程，至今已有超過(guò)75萬(wàn)人畢業(yè)了。I STARTED TEACHING classes in public speaking in 1912, the year the Titanic went down in the icy waters of the North Atlantic. Since then, more than seven hundred and fifty thousand people have been graduated from these classes.

戴爾·卡耐基演講教程的第一堂課是示范表演，先請(qǐng)一些學(xué)員上臺(tái)講一講自己來(lái)上課的原因以及自己期望從這種訓(xùn)練中獲得什么。人各一詞，眾說(shuō)紛紜，表達(dá)方式迥然相異；但令人詫異的是，大多數(shù)人的原因和基本需求如出一轍：“面對(duì)眾人講話(huà)時(shí)，我覺(jué)得渾身不自在，很害怕，這使我不能集中精力思考，不能清晰地思考問(wèn)題，甚至都記不得自己究竟要說(shuō)些什么。我希望通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)增強(qiáng)自信，能隨心所欲地思考問(wèn)題，有邏輯地歸納自己的思想，并能泰然自若地在商業(yè)場(chǎng)合或社交場(chǎng)合侃侃而談，思路清晰又富有語(yǔ)言魅力?！盜n the demonstration meetings preceding the first session of the Dale Carnegie Course, people are given the opportunity of telling why they intend to enroll and what they hope to gain from this training. Naturally, the phraseology varies; but the central desire, the basic want in the vast majority of cases, remains surprisingly the same:" When I am called upon to stand up and speak, I become so self-conscious, so frightened, that I can't think clearly, can't concentrate, can't remember what I intended to say. I want to gain self-confidence, poise, and the ability to think on my feet. I want to get my thoughts together in logical order, and I want to be able to talk clearly and convincingly before a business or social group."

這番話(huà)聽(tīng)起來(lái)不覺(jué)得很耳熟嗎？你是否經(jīng)歷過(guò)同樣的心有余而力不足的感覺(jué)？你是否希望自己能口若懸河、侃侃而談，令人折服，哪怕花一些錢(qián)也愿意。我想你的答案是肯定的?，F(xiàn)在，你正翻開(kāi)此書(shū)，這說(shuō)明你希望獲取成功演講的能力。Doesn't this sound familiar? Haven't you experienced these same feelings of inadequacy? Wouldn't you give a small fortune to have the ability to speak convincingly and persuasively in public? I am sure you would. The very fact that you have begun reading the pages of this book is proof of your interest in acquiring the ability to speak effectively.

如果你站在我面前，我想你一定會(huì)問(wèn)：“卡耐基先生，你真的認(rèn)為我能培養(yǎng)出自信，面對(duì)人群口齒流利地和他們講話(huà)嗎？”I know what you are going to say, what you would say if you could talk to me:" But Mr. Carnegie, do you really think I could develop the confidence to get up and face a group of people and address them in a coherent, fluent manner?"

我一生的精力幾乎全部都放在幫助人們消除恐懼、培養(yǎng)勇氣和增強(qiáng)信心上了。在我舉辦的培訓(xùn)班上發(fā)生的種種奇跡，可以寫(xiě)上好幾本書(shū)。因此，問(wèn)題不在于我是否“真的認(rèn)為”，只要你根據(jù)書(shū)中的方法和建議去練習(xí)，一定能夠做到。I have spent nearly all my life helping people get rid of their fears and develop courage and confidence. I could fill many books with the stories of the miracles that have taken place in my classes. It is not, therefore, a question of my thinking. I know you can, if you practice the directions and suggestions that you will find in this book.

為什么站在聽(tīng)眾面前無(wú)法像獨(dú)自坐在家里那樣冷靜地思考？為什么站起來(lái)面對(duì)聽(tīng)眾講話(huà)，胃部就會(huì)翻騰，身體就會(huì)顫抖不止。難道這些問(wèn)題我們都無(wú)法克服嗎？而事實(shí)上，這些問(wèn)題是可以克服的，訓(xùn)練會(huì)逐漸消除你面對(duì)聽(tīng)眾時(shí)的恐懼，并帶給你充分的自信。Is there the faintest shadow of a reason why you should not be able to think as well in aperpendicular position before an audience as you can sitting down? Is there any reason why you should play host to butterflies in your stomach and become a victim of the "trembles" when you get up to address an audience? Surely, you realize that this condition can be remedied, that training and practice will wear away your audience-fright and give you self-confidence.

這本書(shū)將幫助你達(dá)到這一目標(biāo)。它不是一本平常的教科書(shū)，它既沒(méi)有羅列一堆說(shuō)話(huà)技巧，也不教發(fā)聲、發(fā)音，而是全力以赴用具體的方法來(lái)訓(xùn)練成人成功演講。它以你現(xiàn)有的基礎(chǔ)作為起點(diǎn)，逐漸使你成為自己想成為的那種人。你所需要做的就是合作——學(xué)習(xí)書(shū)中的種種建議，并將它們應(yīng)用于一切說(shuō)話(huà)場(chǎng)合，并且堅(jiān)持不懈。This book will help you to achieve that goal. It is not an ordinary textbook. It is not filled with rules concerning the mechanics of speaking. It does not dwell on the physiological aspects of vocal production and articulation. It is the distillation of a lifetime spent in training adults in effective speaking. It starts with you as you are, and from that premise works naturally to the conclusion of what you want to be. All you have to do is co-operate-follow the suggestions in this book, apply them in every speaking situation, and persevere.

如果你想快速了解本書(shū)的梗概，請(qǐng)注意以下四條要領(lǐng)：In order to get the most out of this book, and to get it with rapidity and dispatch, you will find these four guideposts useful: