04 閱讀技巧——精讀

04 閱讀技巧——精讀

精讀，也就是仔細(xì)閱讀的意思，我們要在仔細(xì)閱讀之后，細(xì)細(xì)回味，充分理解，找出文章主旨，分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，探尋作者寫(xiě)作意圖，品味文章特色等。平時(shí)我們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)課文時(shí)，用的都是精讀的方法，一方面分析文章中的句子結(jié)構(gòu)學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)，學(xué)習(xí)生詞；另一方面從文章出發(fā)體會(huì)作者的觀點(diǎn)、思想。

采用精讀的方法閱讀時(shí)的步驟大致是：

通讀全文，了解文章大意

通常情況下，閱讀材料的文章體裁和篇章結(jié)構(gòu)都有規(guī)律可以參考。比如說(shuō)，有標(biāo)題的文章。通過(guò)看標(biāo)題我們就可以預(yù)測(cè)文章的主題。新聞報(bào)道更是如此，標(biāo)題通常是文章的中心主旨，我們可以從標(biāo)題處得到啟發(fā)，比較準(zhǔn)確地預(yù)測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。當(dāng)文章沒(méi)有標(biāo)題時(shí)，我們可以迅速瀏覽文章，從整體上來(lái)看文章的大概內(nèi)容，特別要注意的是文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾。這樣可以方便快捷地抓住主旨。比如，記敘文和議論文可以用這種方法推測(cè)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。

閱讀下面的文章，了解其大意。

Travelling Off-Season

London in the summer, NYC at Thanksgiving, Florida during March Break—jetting off to your holiday destination when everyone else is going means guaranteed swarms of tourists, long waits and frayed tempers.Adjusting your trip even by a few weeks can halve the number of sightseers in your midst.Check with a travel agent for advice on off-peak travel to your destination of choice.Who knows, he or she might be able to save you some cash, too.

1.這篇文章主要在寫(xiě)什么？

2.作者想要表達(dá)什么？

認(rèn)識(shí)文中的主要單詞和句子

這是文章閱讀的第二遍，我們可以一邊閱讀一邊標(biāo)記不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞、詞組或者不明白意思的句子，然后在讀完之后，把這些單詞、句子通過(guò)查字典或查資料的方式弄明白。

閱讀下面的文章，標(biāo)出你不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞和句子。

Booking Tickets in Advance

Purchase tickets online before you leave home, and skip the crowds and endless lines at your destination.For fans of NYC, you can prebook passes to the Top of the Rock observation deck, NBC studio tours, the Empire State Building, the 9-11 memorial and the MOMA all from the comfort of home.Smart travelers can also avoid the queue when visiting abroad—the London Eye, Britain's Houses of Parliament, Italy's Vatican Museums, and Paris' Louvre all help you keep your cool with online ticket sales.Buy early and avoid the stress of excessive wait times.

通過(guò)字典查找以上單詞和句子的意思：

1.加粗單詞的意思。

2.斜體句子的意思。

理解全文，概括中心思想

這是文章閱讀的第三遍，通過(guò)第二遍對(duì)生詞和生句的解釋，我們?cè)偻ㄗx全文時(shí)，對(duì)文章的整體又有了一個(gè)更加全面的認(rèn)識(shí)。

在閱讀的基礎(chǔ)上，深層探究文章的中心思想，透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì)，牢牢抓住作者想要表達(dá)的思想觀點(diǎn)，從而概括出文章的中心思想。

閱讀下面的文章，概括中心思想。

Signing Up for Special Tours

If you want to sail by the tourist mob, it's smart to purchase a cultural tour from a specialized company.Often these organizations get after-hours or behind-the-scenes access to famous places.You'll get a guided tour and beat the rush.Is it the only downside? These tours can be costly, but if large crowds routinely ruin your experience, splashing a little extra cash will save your sanity and your ribs from the overzealous pushing and shoving that crowds can create.

本文的中心思想是什么？

分析作者的寫(xiě)作意圖

在理解文章內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上，探尋作者的寫(xiě)作思路，分析他的寫(xiě)作意圖，反過(guò)來(lái)更加深了對(duì)原文的理解，更好地把握文章的中心思想。

閱讀下面的文章，分析作者的寫(xiě)作意圖。

Visiting During the Week

Weekends are always busier at popular tourist sites because kids and parents are free from school and work commitments.For shorter lines, fewer people, and better opportunities to interact and enjoy the attraction, stop by during the week.In many cases, you'll have the place all to yourself.To take this tip one step further, and guarantee a further reduction in crowds at your museum, gallery or tourism hot spot, head there after 2pm when visiting school groups will have returned to class.School trips during the week often hit attractions in the morning, but tend to depart in the early afternoon.

作者寫(xiě)作本文的目的是什么？

對(duì)文章進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)

如果讀者朋友們?cè)陂喿x完一篇文章之后可以對(duì)它進(jìn)行有效的評(píng)價(jià)，那么你的精讀水平已經(jīng)到了最高的層次。對(duì)文章的思想、內(nèi)容和寫(xiě)作方法及特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，說(shuō)明了我們對(duì)全篇文章的完全理解和領(lǐng)悟。

Sudoku Games

Our free online Sudoku puzzles are popular number-placement games that are fun for the whole family.

The objective of Sudoku online is to fill up a 9×9 grid with digits so that each column, each row, and each of the nine 3×3 sub-grids that compose the grid contains all of the digits from 1 to 9.

Upon beginning, the Sudoku puzzles will contain a partially completed grid, which typically has a unique solution.

To play Sudoku, simply type your entries in the squares.Or, click a square, hold the mouse button down and drag up or down to select a number.As you fill in the squares of the Sudoku puzzle correctly, options for the remaining squares are narrowed and it becomes easier to fill them in.You also have access to our printable Sudoku puzzles, to take the fun with you wherever you go.

Start flexing your mathematical muscles and play our free Sudoku puzzles today!

通過(guò)閱讀上文，你對(duì)文章的評(píng)價(jià)是：

1.內(nèi)容上：

2.思想上：

3.寫(xiě)作方法上：

4.本文的特色：

精讀練習(xí)

運(yùn)用上述方法閱讀下面的文章并回答問(wèn)題：

5 Ways to Get Your Junior Couch Potato Moving

Our kids are getting too much screen time and not enough play time.Help your kids to get moving so they can become fit and stay healthy.

These days, when kids say they want to play hockey or basketball, they're more likely to be referring to video games than to a visit to the rink or court.

Canadian children spend about five to seven hours in front of a computer or TV each day, notes a 2008 report by Active Healthy Kids Canada.The Toronto-based non-profit group adds that 90% of children fail to achieve 90 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity a day, as recommended by the Public Health Agency of Canada.

It's no surprise then, says Active Healthy Kids Canada, that 26% of Canadian youth—including children as young as three—are now overweight or obese.

Here are some ideas to get your kids away from the screen, off the couch, and into some active habits.

Challenge Them

Turn activities into fun contests.Have kids (or everyone in the family) wear a pedometer to see how many steps they take daily.Children should take about 11,000-13,000 steps per day.You can come up with creative competitions around everything from jumping rope to taking laps around the block on a bike.

Eliminate Shortcuts

There are plenty of ways to incorporate fitness into routine activities.Instead of driving the kids to school, start a “walking school bus,” where children all along the route pick each other up on the way and walk to school in packs.At the mall, take the stairs instead of the escalator, or park in the farthest spot from the mall entrance.“If you celebrate the fact that you got the closest spot, you're sending a message to kids that we should do the least amount of physical activity possible,” says Elio Antunes, COO and VP, Partnerships of Toronto-based Participation Action.

Set an Example

That doesn't just mean going to the gym or playing a sport yourself, but going outside to play with your kids instead of simply ordering them out.“If parents are less active, so are the kids—you have to be a role model,” says Brittany Decker, program director of Silken's Active Kids Movement in Victoria, B.C.

Use the Buddy System

If your child is reluctant to take part in an organized activity, check what their friends are doing, and encourage your child to get involved, too.If kids go to swimming, karate or dance together, they don't feel alone, can support each other, and exert positive peer pressure to keep at it.

Offer Choice Within Structure

If you ask children if they want to go out to play or to the park, what happens if they say no? A better tactic is to make the general activity a given but leave the specifics to your kids, says Michelle Brownrigg, CEO of Active Healthy Kids Canada.She compares it to putting three vegetables on their plate for dinner; you hope they at least eat one.They can play ball at the park, play on the equipment, or invent any game they want; you don't have to forbid what they should be doing, but you do need to give them the opportunities to be active.

1.這篇文章主要在寫(xiě)什么？

2.作者想要表達(dá)什么？

3.找出你不認(rèn)識(shí)的單詞和句子并翻譯。

4.本文的中心思想是？

5.作者寫(xiě)作本文的目的是？

6.你對(duì)本文的評(píng)價(jià)是？

答案

●通讀全文，了解文章大意

1.文章主要講在旅游旺季出行是不可取的，我們可以錯(cuò)開(kāi)高峰期出行，這樣也會(huì)帶來(lái)很多其它方面的好處。

2.作者想要建議大家錯(cuò)開(kāi)高峰期出行。

●認(rèn)識(shí)文中的主要單詞和句子

1.skip 跳過(guò)；pass 通行證；queue 長(zhǎng)隊(duì)；Vatican 羅馬教廷 Louvre 盧浮宮；excessive 過(guò)多的

2.對(duì)于紐約愛(ài)好者來(lái)說(shuō)，你們可以在家里舒舒服服將巖石觀景臺(tái)、美國(guó)全國(guó)廣播公司工作室之旅、帝國(guó)大廈、9·11紀(jì)念館和紐約現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)博物館的通行證全部預(yù)訂。

●理解全文，概括中心思想

Signing up for special tours is better than travelling with the tourist mob.

●分析作者的寫(xiě)作意圖

The writer intends to tell us we can avoid the school groups during weekends when you want to visit popular tourist sites.

●對(duì)文章進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)（僅供參考）

1.內(nèi)容上：主要是在介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的數(shù)獨(dú)游戲。

2.思想上：作者熱情介紹數(shù)獨(dú)游戲，非常具有號(hào)召力。

3.寫(xiě)作方法上：首先提出“數(shù)獨(dú)游戲”這一主題，然后詳細(xì)介紹數(shù)獨(dú)游戲的一般知識(shí)，接著開(kāi)始按步驟指導(dǎo)我們?nèi)绾卧诰W(wǎng)絡(luò)上玩數(shù)獨(dú)游戲。

4.本文的特色：這是一篇說(shuō)明文，條理清晰，邏輯合理。

●精讀練習(xí)

1.主要是寫(xiě)怎樣讓孩子遠(yuǎn)離沙發(fā)，遠(yuǎn)離游戲和電視。

2.作者想要表達(dá)的是：現(xiàn)在孩子們的不良習(xí)慣導(dǎo)致了健康問(wèn)題，希望家長(zhǎng)能夠幫助孩子們矯正不良習(xí)慣，建立良好習(xí)慣。

3.（略）

4.養(yǎng)成積極的習(xí)慣對(duì)于孩子們來(lái)說(shuō)是很有必要的。

5.作者寫(xiě)作本文的目的是為了讓家長(zhǎng)注意孩子們的健康問(wèn)題，并給予他們一些具有建設(shè)性的意見(jiàn)或建議。

6.本文作者提出的建議在社會(huì)上具有很高的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義，且作者在寫(xiě)作方法上條理清晰，說(shuō)服力強(qiáng)。