prepare的用法

　　prepare

　　[英][pr?'pe?(r)][美][pr??p?r]

　　vt.準(zhǔn)備; 預(yù)備(飯菜); 配備; 使(自己)有準(zhǔn)備;

　　vt.& vi.籌備，進(jìn)行各項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)備工作; 做好思想準(zhǔn)備; 作出，制訂; 鍛煉(身體等)，訓(xùn)練;

　　一、prepare用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)：

　　1. prepare sth.表示"準(zhǔn)備......"，后接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。

　　Our English teacher was preparing the lessons when I came into the office.我進(jìn)辦公室時(shí)，我們的英語(yǔ)老師在備課。

　　當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是食物之類(lèi)的東西時(shí)，可譯為"制;做"。

　　Mother was preparing dinner in the kitchen while Father was watching TV.媽媽在做飯，而爸爸在看電視。

　　2. prepare sb. sth.表示"給......準(zhǔn)備......"，也可轉(zhuǎn)換為prepare sth. for sb.。

　　She prepared us a nice breakfast.(= She prepared a nice breakfast for us.) 她給我們準(zhǔn)備了可口的早餐。

　　3. prepare sb. for sth.表示"使某人對(duì)某事有所準(zhǔn)備"。

　　She said so because she wanted to prepare her father for the bad news.她這樣說(shuō)是因?yàn)樗胧拱职謱?duì)那個(gè)壞消息有所準(zhǔn)備。

　　4. prepare to do sth.表示"準(zhǔn)備做......"。

　　They were preparing to cross the river when it began to rain.他們正準(zhǔn)備過(guò)河，突然下雨了。

　　二、prepare用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)：

　　prepare for sth.表示"為......做準(zhǔn)備"。

　　The students are busy preparing for the final exam.學(xué)生們正在準(zhǔn)備期末考試。

　　三、

　　prepare的名詞形式為preparation，它可以和介詞in一起構(gòu)成in preparation for短語(yǔ);也可和動(dòng)詞make一起構(gòu)成make preparations for短語(yǔ)，表示"為......做準(zhǔn)備"。

　　We are getting things together in preparation for the journey.我們正在收拾東西準(zhǔn)備旅行。

　　They have made preparations for what will happen.他們已為將要發(fā)生的事情做了準(zhǔn)備。

　　四、

　　prepare是一動(dòng)詞,意為"準(zhǔn)備"。其用法相當(dāng)靈活,現(xiàn)歸納如下:

　　1. prepare sth.是"準(zhǔn)備……",賓語(yǔ)是所準(zhǔn)備的內(nèi)容。如:

　　Mother was preparing dinner in the kitchen. 媽媽在廚房準(zhǔn)備飯菜。

　　He had a speech to prepare that evening.那天晚上他得準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)報(bào)告。

　　2. prepare to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備做某事,如:

　　Taking out a piece of paper, he prepared to write to his parents. 他拿出紙,準(zhǔn)備給父母寫(xiě)信。

　　He is preparing to go on a trip. 他正準(zhǔn)備去旅行。

　　3. prepare for sth.是"為……做準(zhǔn)備",for是準(zhǔn)備的目的。如:

　　He is busy preparing with great care for the Congress.他們正忙著精心準(zhǔn)備這次代表大會(huì)。

　　Hope for the best and prepare for the worst.抱最好的希望,做最壞的準(zhǔn)備。

　　4. prepare sth. for... 為……準(zhǔn)備某物,如:

　　Please prepare the table for the dinner. 請(qǐng)擺好桌子吃飯。

　　You must prepare a room for the guest. 你必須為客人準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)房間。

　　Mr Smith is preparing his speech for the meeting tomorrow. 史密斯先生正在為明天會(huì)上的講話做準(zhǔn)備。

　　5. prepare sb. for sth.使某人對(duì)……進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備,如:

　　We have to prepare the students for that work step by step. 我們要為學(xué)生進(jìn)行這項(xiàng)工作一步步做好準(zhǔn)備。

　　The doctors and nurses are preparing the patient for the operation.醫(yī)生和護(hù)士們?cè)谑共∪藶樽鍪中g(shù)而進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備。

　　He prepared himself for defeat. 他使自己對(duì)失敗作好準(zhǔn)備。

　　6. prepare sb. to do sth. 使某人準(zhǔn)備做某事,如:

　　They prepared themselves to accept the defeat.他們準(zhǔn)備好接受失敗的結(jié)果。

　　Father is preparing my little brother to go to school.父親為我小弟弟上學(xué)做準(zhǔn)備。

　　7. be prepared for sth.=get ready for sth.為……做好了準(zhǔn)備,強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。如:

　　They were prepared for the worst. 他們已準(zhǔn)備好了應(yīng)付最壞的情況。

　　He was not prepared for the question. 對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題,他沒(méi)有做好思想準(zhǔn)備。

　　8. be (well) prepared to do sth. 準(zhǔn)備、打算做某事,如:

　　We are prepared to supply the goods you asked for.我們準(zhǔn)備好供應(yīng)你要的貨物。

　　I'm not prepared to listen to your weak excuses. 我不想聽(tīng)你那站不住腳的借口。

　　9. be prepared against sth. 對(duì)……做好準(zhǔn)備,against有"與……作斗爭(zhēng)"、"抵御"之意。如:

　　We're fully prepared against any aggression. 我們對(duì)任何侵略都做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備。

　　Be prepared against war, be prepared against natural disasters and do everything for the people.備戰(zhàn),備荒,為人民。

　　prepare的名詞是preparation,常用復(fù)數(shù),表示"具體的準(zhǔn)備工作"。如:

　　The preparations for the party took hours.聚會(huì)的準(zhǔn)備工作花了幾個(gè)小時(shí)。

　　可以用于以下一些短語(yǔ):

　　make preparations for 為……做準(zhǔn)備,如:

　　She is making preparations for her marriage.她正在為自己的婚事做準(zhǔn)備。

　　make preparations against sth.為對(duì)付/防止……做準(zhǔn)備,如:

　　We must make preparations against natural disasters. 我們必須為防止自然災(zāi)害做準(zhǔn)備。

　　in preparation for 為……做準(zhǔn)備,如:

　　We're getting things together in preparation for the journey.我們正在收拾東西準(zhǔn)備旅行。

　　He is training in preparation for the next football match.他在訓(xùn)練準(zhǔn)備下一輪足球賽。

　　另外,prepare還有"配制、調(diào)制(點(diǎn)心、藥、菜等)"之意。如:

　　He is preparing a medicine. 他正在配藥。