多動癥診斷中的性別差異

頂尖心理學家警告說，性別偏見使許多患有注意缺陷多動障礙（又稱多動癥）的女性無法被確診。

Research suggests ADHD is three to four times more likely to be detected in childhood in boys as they tend to exhibit more disruptive behaviours.

研究表明，多動癥在男孩童年時期被發(fā)現(xiàn)的可能性比在女孩童年時期高出三到四倍，因為男孩往往表現(xiàn)出更具擾亂性的行為。

The symptoms in girls tend to be more subtle: less hyperactive, more inattentive. The diagnoses gap between males and females appears to shrink in adulthoodcan remain.

女孩的癥狀往往不大明顯：她們沒那么多動亢奮，而是更多地表現(xiàn)在注意力不集中。成年后，男性和女性之間的診斷差距似乎縮小了，但心理學家指出，這一偏見可能仍然存在。

The ADHD Foundation says increased awarenessis needed in health and educational settings about how the condition can present differently. A late diagnosiscan negatively impact on relationships, careers, and mental health.

注意缺陷多動障礙基金會表示，人們需要提高醫(yī)療和教育領域對這種疾病的認識，明白它有不同的臨床表現(xiàn)。延遲診斷可能會給人際關系、職業(yè)和心理健康帶來負面影響。

In England, NICE guidance has been updated to make it easier for doctors to detect women and girls with ADHD. Work to improve neurodevelopmental services is underway in Scotland and Wales. But there are currently no dedicatedservices for adults with ADHD in Northern Ireland.

在英格蘭，國家衛(wèi)生與保健優(yōu)化研究所（The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence）已經更新指導意見，使醫(yī)生更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)患有多動癥的女性和女孩。蘇格蘭和威爾士正在努力改善其神經發(fā)育領域的服務。但在北愛爾蘭，目前還沒有專門提供給患有多動癥的成年人的服務。