懷孕期間，請避開肉類熟食柜臺

There's usually a laundry list of dos and don'ts that people can expect to hear when they're pregnant.

懷孕的人總會聽到一長串的注意事項。

Don't eat fish,don't drink caffeinated beverages and they don't always tell you why.

不能吃魚，不能喝含咖啡素的飲料，還不告訴你為什么不能。

One of the most oddly specific-sounding ones is a moratorium on soft cheeses.And there's actually an extremely good reason for it,although the focus shouldn't necessarily fall on Camembert.

其中一個聽起來最奇怪、最具體的禁令是不能吃軟質(zhì)奶酪。這其實有一個很好的理由，盡管重點不應(yīng)該落在卡蒙貝爾奶酪上。

A number of processed foods,including but not limited to soft cheeses,can harbor the infectious bacterium Listeria and it's a serious danger to fetuses.

很多加工食物，包括但不限于軟質(zhì)奶酪，都可能攜帶傳染性李斯特菌屬，這種細(xì)菌對胎兒有嚴(yán)重危害。

Listeria monocytogenes is a common bacterium found in a huge variety of places,including water,soil,raw produce,processed foods and even feces.

單核細(xì)胞增多性李斯特氏菌是一種常見的細(xì)菌，在很多地方都有發(fā)現(xiàn)，包括水中、土壤、原料產(chǎn)品、加工食物甚至是排泄物中。

It's actually a pretty uncommon infection in the general population,but one exception is pregnant people,for whom it's nearly 20 times more common.

其實在普通人群中，這種感染相當(dāng)不常見，但孕婦例外，對她們來說，這種感染要常見近20倍。

A lot of changes happen to your body during pregnancy.This includes your immune system,specifically a reduction in cell-mediated immunity.

懷孕時，你的身體會發(fā)生很多變化。其中包括你的免疫系統(tǒng)，尤其是細(xì)胞免疫的減少。

This system includes multiple defense mechanisms that don't rely on antibodies,instead it's mediated by specialized cells.This type of immunity is important for detecting and destroying cells in your body that may be infected with viruses or bacteria.

這個系統(tǒng)中包括各種不依賴抗體的防御機(jī)制，它們是由特殊細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的。這種免疫力對檢測并摧毀身體中可能感染的病毒或細(xì)菌很重要。

Your antibody-based immunity,on the other hand,makes those antibodies in response to viruses or bacteria in the fluid outside of your cells.

另一方面，基于抗體的免疫力會對細(xì)胞外液體中的病毒或細(xì)菌產(chǎn)生抗體。

But your body shifts away from cell-mediated immunity during pregnancy to allow a tiny human to grow inside of you.

但在懷孕期間，你的身體會遠(yuǎn)離細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的免疫力，讓一個小人在你體內(nèi)生長。

This ensures those well-meaning immune cells don't detect the fetus and treat it like an unwanted intruder.

這確保那些好心的免疫細(xì)胞不會發(fā)現(xiàn)胎兒，不會把它當(dāng)成不受歡迎的入侵者。

Although Listeria infection is far more common in pregnant people,symptoms tend to be very mild.

雖然李斯特菌屬感染在孕婦中更常見，但其癥狀卻非常溫和。

This is because Listeria is a unique bacterium with a sneaky way of getting around that doesn't get your antibody-based immune system all riled up.

這是因為李斯特菌屬是一種獨(dú)特的細(xì)菌，它不會完全激怒你身體內(nèi)基于抗體的免疫系統(tǒng)。

The bacteria basically trick the cells in your gastrointestinal tract into engulfing them.

這些細(xì)菌會誘使你胃腸道中的細(xì)胞吞沒它們。

Once inside a cell,Listeria multiplies and pushes against the membrane,eventually pushing straight through into neighboring cells without spending any time in the outside space.

一旦進(jìn)入細(xì)胞，李斯特菌屬就會繁殖并擠壓細(xì)胞膜，最終直接進(jìn)入相鄰的細(xì)胞而不需要在外部空間多做停留。

This means your best defense against Listeria is your cell-mediated immunity.So it makes sense that there's less of a reaction in a pregnant host.

這意味著你對抗李斯特菌屬的最好防御是你的細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)免疫。所以在懷孕的宿主體內(nèi)反應(yīng)小是有道理的。

But this sneaky way of spreading also means it can get across the placenta,and this is where it becomes really risky.

但這種鬼鬼祟祟的傳播方式也意味著它可以穿過胎盤，在這個地方，它就變成了危險人物。

The human maternal-fetal interface is what nourishes your fetus and protects it from both your immune cells and outside infections.

人類的母胎界面是滋養(yǎng)胎兒，保護(hù)它免受免疫細(xì)胞和外界感染的地方。

Soft cheese gets a lot of attention when it comes to Listeria risk,but there's actually a wide range of dairy products,cold meats,and other processed foods that are vulnerable to contamination.

軟質(zhì)奶酪在李斯特菌感染風(fēng)險方面很受關(guān)注，但實際上，有很多乳制品、冷凍肉和其他加工食品都容易受到污染。

Recent outbreaks of Listeria have even been linked to unprocessed foods,like raw sprouts,celery,and melon.

近期的李斯特菌爆發(fā)甚至與未加工的食物有關(guān)，如生豆芽、芹菜和甜瓜。

Like we said Listeria is super common,and it's also behind the prohibition of stuff like hot dogs and deli meats for pregnant people.

就像我們所說的那樣，李斯特菌超級普遍，這也是禁止為孕婦提供熱狗和肉類熟食的原因。

So to be on the safe side,it might be a good idea to just avoid the deli counter for the duration of pregnancy!

所以為了安全起見，在懷孕期間避開肉類熟食柜臺可能是個好主意!