如何將一條無人街道在谷歌地圖上顯示為擁堵路段？

" 99 second hand smartphones are transported in a handcart to generate virtual traffic jam in Google Maps.Through this activity, it is possible to turn a green street red which has an impact in the physical world by navigating cars on another route to avoid being stuck in traffic. "

用手推車載著99部二手智能手機，在谷歌地圖上會產(chǎn)生虛擬的交通堵塞。通過這個活動，我們有時會將無人的街道識別成交通繁忙，谷歌地圖進而會建議車輛提前更換路線。”

The advent of Google’s Geo Tools began in 2005 with Maps and Earth, followed by Street View in 2007. They have since become enormously more technologically advanced. Google’s virtual maps have little in common with classical analogue maps. The most significant difference is that Google’s maps are interactive – scrollable, searchable and zoomable. Google’s map service has fundamentally changed our understanding of what a map is, how we interact with maps, their technological limitations, and how they look aesthetically.

谷歌地理工具的出現(xiàn)始于2005年的Maps and Earth，之后是2007年的街景。此后，它們在技術(shù)上變得更加先進。谷歌的虛擬地圖與經(jīng)典的模擬地圖幾乎沒有什么共同之處。最顯著的區(qū)別是谷歌的地圖是交互式的——可滾動、可搜索和可縮放。谷歌的地圖服務(wù)從根本上改變了我們對地圖的理解，改變了我們與地圖的互動方式，改變了地圖的技術(shù)局限性，改變了地圖的外觀。

In this fashion, Google Maps makes virtual changes to the real city. Applications such as ›Airbnb‹ and ›Carsharing‹ have an immense impact on cities: on their housing market and mobility culture, for instance. There is also a major impact on how we find a romantic partner, thanks to dating platforms such as ›Tinder‹, and on our self-quantifying behaviour, thanks to the ›nike‹ jogging app. Or map-based food delivery-app like ›deliveroo‹ or ›foodora‹. All of these apps function via interfaces with Google Maps and create new forms of digital capitalism and commodification. Without these maps, car sharing systems, new taxi apps, bike rental systems and online transport agency services such as ›Uber‹ would be unthinkable. An additional mapping market is provided by self-driving cars; again, Google has already established a position for itself.

Google Maps以這種方式為真實城市建立虛擬備份。Airbnb和Carsharing等應(yīng)用程序?qū)ψ》渴袌龊土鲃有晕幕a(chǎn)生了巨大影響;Tinder等約會平臺，對尋找浪漫伴侶的有非常重大參考意義;nike慢跑應(yīng)用程序?qū)ψ晕伊炕袨榈挠绊?，乃至或基于地圖的食品配送應(yīng)用，如deliveroo或foodora。所有這些應(yīng)用都要通過與Google Maps的接口來運行，并創(chuàng)建了新形式的數(shù)字資本主義和商品化。沒有這些地圖、汽車共享系統(tǒng)、出租車應(yīng)用、自行車租賃系統(tǒng)以及諸如Uber之類的在線運輸代理服務(wù)，現(xiàn)代生活將變得不可想象。自動駕駛提供了另一個額外的地圖應(yīng)用市場。谷歌已經(jīng)在世界商業(yè)格局中再次奠定了自己的地位。

With its Geo Tools, Google has created a platform that allows users and businesses to interact with maps in a novel way. This means that questions relating to power in the discourse of cartography have to be reformulated.

憑借其地理工具，谷歌創(chuàng)建了一個平臺，允許用戶和企業(yè)以一種新穎的方式與地圖交互。這意味著與制圖學話語中的權(quán)力有關(guān)的問題必須重新表述。