葡萄、石榴、核桃、香菜都是通過“一帶一路”進入中國

2000多年前，張騫出使西域，連接起了中國與外部世界溝通的“絲綢之路”。這條路增進了中國與其他國家的經(jīng)濟文化交流，還將各類外國物產(chǎn)引進到中國，豐富了平常百姓的餐桌。

今天，我們就一起來看看，咱們餐桌上的哪些食材是通過這條“絲路”來到中國的。

1. Grape 葡萄

Originating in the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, the grape entered China from Dayuan, during the reign of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty (206 BC - AD 220). Dayuan was an ancient country in Ferghana valley in central Asia, which was famous for grapes, alfalfa, and ferghana horses.

葡萄最早產(chǎn)于黑海和地中海，在漢武帝時期由大宛傳入中國。大宛是中亞地區(qū)費爾干納谷地的一座古城，以盛產(chǎn)葡萄、苜蓿以及費爾干納寶馬聞名。

2. Pomegranate 石榴

The pomegranate(讀音['pɑm.ɡræn?t]) originated in the region of modern-day Iran, and has been cultivated since ancient times throughout the Mediterranean region and northern India. The fruit was introduced to China during the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), and was considered an emblem of fertility and numerous progeny.

石榴產(chǎn)自如今伊朗所在的地區(qū)，自古就在地中海地區(qū)和印度北部地區(qū)培育種植，在唐代(公元618-907年)引入中國。石榴被看作多子多孫的象征。

3. Walnut 核桃

Brought back by Zhang, the walnut is also known as the longevity fruit. It can warm and invigorate the body, and often serves as a key ingredient in Chinese pastries.

核桃由張騫帶入中國，也叫長壽果，能夠活血益氣，是中式糕點的重要原料。

4. Garlic 蒜

Garlic is native to the region of southern Europe and central Asia. During the Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 24), Zhang introduced the species in the onion genus, Allium, to China. During ancient times in China, foreign tribes were referred to as "Hu troops", so garlic was originally referred to as "Hu garlic".

蒜原產(chǎn)于南歐和中亞，屬洋蔥科蔥屬植物，在西漢時期，由張騫帶入中國。在古代中國，外國族群都被稱為“胡人”，所以，蒜最開始也被稱為“胡蒜”。

5. Coriander 香菜

Coriander(讀音[?k?ri?ænd?(r)]), known as cilantro(讀音[s??læntro?]) or Chinese parsley, is native to the regions spanning from southern Europe to central Asia. Zhang brought the seeds of coriander into China, according to The Compendium of Materia Medica, an ancient Chinese book on herbology, which was written during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) by Doctor Li Shizhen.

香菜，也叫芫荽或中式西芹，原產(chǎn)于南歐到中亞的大片地區(qū)。據(jù)明代(1368-1644年)醫(yī)師李時珍所著《本草綱目》記載，是張騫將香菜種子帶入了中國。

6. Cucumber 黃瓜

Cucumber is originally from South Asia, on the southern foot of the Qomolangma Mountain. However, in Zhang's time, the cucumber was known as the "Hu melon".

黃瓜原產(chǎn)于南亞，珠穆朗瑪峰南面的山腳地帶。在張騫所在的時代，黃瓜被稱為“胡瓜”。

7. Alfalfa 苜蓿

The alfalfa(讀音[æl'fælf?]), also called lucerne(讀音[lu?s?n]), is an important forage crop in many countries around the world. According to the Records of the Grand Historian, by historian Sima Qian of the Han Dynasty, alfalfa was introduced into China from Dayuan following Zhang Qian's embassy.

苜蓿，也叫紫花苜蓿，是世界上很多國家重要的飼料作物。據(jù)漢代史學家司馬遷所著《史記》記載，苜蓿是在張騫出使之后，從大宛引進到中國的。

8. Eggplant 茄子

Eggplant, originally domesticated in India and Southeast Asia, was brought into China during the Han Dynasty, and became a common vegetable in the Jin Dynasty (AD 265-420).

茄子原產(chǎn)于印度和東南亞，在漢代引入中國，在晉代(公元265-420年)成為常見蔬菜品種。

9. Sesame 芝麻

Sesame, introduced into China by Zhang, has many species, with most being wild and native to sub-Saharan Africa. Sesame indicum, the cultivated type which is edible, was originated in India.

芝麻由張騫帶入中國，品種繁多，多為野生，原產(chǎn)于非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南地區(qū)。人工培育的可食用芝麻品種原產(chǎn)于印度。

10. Hyacinth bean 扁豆

The hyacinth(讀音[?ha??s?nθ]) bean was originally grown in India, and brought into China between the Han and Jin dynasties.

扁豆原產(chǎn)于印度，在漢代和晉代時期引入中國。

11. Date palm 椰棗

The date palm was cultivated for its edible sweet fruit.

人們種植棗椰樹，因其果實香甜可食用。

12. Jackfruit 菠蘿蜜

The jackfruit is native to parts of South and Southeast Asia, and is believed to have originated in the southwestern rain forests of the Western Ghats in the Indian subcontinent.

菠蘿蜜原產(chǎn)于南亞和東南亞的部分地區(qū)。據(jù)認為發(fā)源于印度次大陸西高止山脈的西南部熱帶雨林。

13. Black pepper 黑胡椒

Black pepper is native to ancient Persia, the Arab world, and South India. Throughout the Tang Dynasty (AD 618-907), black pepper was introduced into China by merchants on the Silk Road, and became a popular spice for meat dishes among Tang people.

黑胡椒原產(chǎn)于古波斯、阿拉伯國家和印度南部。到了唐代(公元618-907年)，黑胡椒經(jīng)由絲綢之路的商人引進中國，成為很受唐朝人歡迎的肉食調(diào)味料。

14. Pistachio 開心果

The pistachio(讀音[p??stæ?i??]), a member of the cashew family, was brought into China by the Arabs during the Tang Dynasty.

開心果是腰果家族的一員，在唐代經(jīng)由阿拉伯人引進中國。

15. Spinach 菠菜

Spinach is thought to have originated in ancient Persia. The earliest available record of the spinach plant was recorded in Chinese, stating it was introduced into China via Nepal.

菠菜據(jù)認為發(fā)源于古波斯。現(xiàn)存的有關(guān)菠菜的最早史料是用漢字記載的，史料稱菠菜是經(jīng)由尼泊爾引進中國的。

16. Carrot 胡蘿卜

Carrots were originally cultivated for its leaves and seeds. The plant was first introduced into the western parts of China, and then Dunhuang of West China's Gansu province. It was then introduced into the central plains during the Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368).

人們原先種植胡蘿卜是為了獲取它的葉子和種子。胡蘿卜最早引入中國西部地區(qū)，然后傳到甘肅省的敦煌地區(qū)。后來在元代(1271-1368年)又引入中原地區(qū)。

17. Watermelon 西瓜

Watermelon, which originated in the desert of Africa, was brought along the Silk Road to western China and Ouigour – located in today's Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region – in ancient China. It appeared in Xinjiang during the early Tang Dynasty, and in China's inland between the Five Dynasties, Ten Kingdomgs (AD 907-960) and Liao Dynasty (916-1125).

西瓜發(fā)源于非洲沙漠地區(qū)，經(jīng)由絲綢之路傳到中國西部和古中國的回紇(現(xiàn)新疆維吾爾自治區(qū))。唐朝初期西瓜在新疆出現(xiàn)，五代十國(公元907-960年)和遼代(916-1125年)期間傳入中國內(nèi)陸地區(qū)。

18. Lettuce 萵苣

Lettuce originated from the Mediterranean coast, and appeared in China around the Sui (AD 581-618) and Tang dynasties.

萵苣發(fā)源于地中海沿岸，隋朝(公元581-618年)和唐朝期間開始在中國出現(xiàn)。

19. Luffa 絲瓜

The luffa(讀音['l?f?]), which originated in India, was introduced into China during the late Tang Dynasty and became a common vegetable in the Ming Dynasty.

絲瓜發(fā)源于印度，唐朝晚期引入中國，明朝時期成為一種常見的蔬菜。

20. Cabbage 卷心菜

Cabbage, a leafy green or purple biennial plant, was domesticated in Europe before 1000 BC. It travelled through the western China before arriving in China by the Hexi Corridor, a part of the Silk Road in Gansu province.

卷心菜是綠色或紫色的二年生葉菜，公元前1000多年開始在歐洲種植。經(jīng)由河西走廊(絲綢之路甘肅段)穿越中國西部，最后傳入中國。