二手煙/三手煙對(duì)嬰幼兒的危害

THE DANGERS OF PASSIVE exposure to tobaccosmoke, when a person isn't smoking but someoneelse is, are well-documented. According to theCenters for Disease Control and Prevention, since themid-1960s, an estimated 2.5 million nonsmokershave died as a result of health problems caused bysecondhand smoke - which can range from lungcancer to heart disease.

當(dāng)一個(gè)人不吸煙但其他人卻在吸煙的時(shí)候，被動(dòng)接觸煙草的危害很明顯。據(jù)疾病預(yù)防控制中心表示，自20世界60年代中期，預(yù)估有250萬(wàn)不吸煙的人因二手煙造成的健康問(wèn)題離世--包括肺癌和心臟病。

More recently, data increasingly suggests that thirdhand smoke - residual nicotine and othertoxic chemicals from tobacco smoke that collect on surfaces, from carpet, furniture andcurtains to a person's clothing - also pose a danger. Although the potential impact ofthirdhand smoke is still being teased out, experts worry especially about those who cling mostclosely to surfaces: very young children, including babies and toddlers, who snuggle parentsand crawl on the floor and frequently put their hands in their mouths. Residues from smokinglike nicotine can remain on surfaces for weeks, months or years, and besides beingaccidentally ingested, can also be absorbed through the skin.

近來(lái)，越來(lái)越多的數(shù)據(jù)表明：三手煙--煙民"吞云吐霧"后殘留在地毯、家具、窗簾以及衣服等表面的尼古丁和其它有毒化學(xué)物--也會(huì)帶來(lái)危害。盡管有人會(huì)戲謔三手煙帶來(lái)的潛在影響，但專家尤為擔(dān)心最靠近這些物體表面的人：年幼的孩子，包括嬰兒和蹣跚學(xué)步的幼兒，他們經(jīng)常在父母身旁依偎著、在地板上爬著、經(jīng)常將手指伸進(jìn)嘴里。尼古丁等香煙殘留物停留在物體表面的時(shí)間或達(dá)數(shù)周、數(shù)月或好幾年，這些殘留物除了被意外吸入外，還會(huì)被人們的皮膚吸收。

Taken together, experts say environmental exposures pose a serious risk for all but especiallyfor young children in households where parents smoke. And there's also concern about tobaccosmoke exposure in places where smoking has occurred - like a residence a family just movedinto - and when caretakers regularly encounter it outside the home, like at a smokyworkplace, and bring it home with them on their clothes. Experts say no one, young or old, isimmune to the dangers of passive exposure to tobacco smoke, and that parents should beespecially careful around babies and toddlers.

鑒于此，專家表示，如果家里的父母吸煙，那這種環(huán)境會(huì)對(duì)所有人尤其是幼兒帶來(lái)嚴(yán)重風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。同時(shí)有人擔(dān)心，如若某個(gè)地方之前有人吸煙(一家人剛搬進(jìn)的房子)或是幼兒看護(hù)經(jīng)常在屋外碰到吸煙者(比如煙霧繚繞的工作場(chǎng)所)，那回家時(shí)，他們的衣服上就會(huì)沾染煙草。專家表示，無(wú)論是年輕人還是老年人都會(huì)受到被動(dòng)接觸煙草的危害，而家長(zhǎng)更應(yīng)關(guān)心嬰兒和幼兒的被動(dòng)接觸。

 

 

Dr. Harold Farber, a pediatric pulmonologist at Texas Children's Hospital, says he cansometimes smell tobacco smoke coming off parents' clothes, though certainly they haven't beensmoking in the exam room. "I can feel the nose and eye irritation just from the smoke that'scoming off of their clothes - and I'm halfway across the room," says Farber, also an associateprofessor of pediatrics at Baylor College of Medicine. "One can only imagine what's happeningto a baby being held right next to them."

德克薩斯兒童醫(yī)院的兒科肺病專家哈羅德·法伯醫(yī)生說(shuō)，雖然他確定家長(zhǎng)沒(méi)有在檢查室吸煙，但他有時(shí)候還是能聞到家長(zhǎng)衣服上的煙草味道。"他們衣服上的煙草會(huì)讓我的鼻子和眼睛受到刺激--而我離他們有一半屋子之遠(yuǎn)，"法伯說(shuō)道，他還是貝爾醫(yī)學(xué)院兒科學(xué)的副教授。"可想而知，離他們那么近的兒童又正在遭受著什么。"