出事兒自動報警的車，要不要？

Imagine driving down the road and suddenly you get into an accident. It's not that severe, but you still lose your bearings. Would you know who to call? But what if the accident is bad and you lose consciousness — or are trapped — and can't even get to your phone to call for help.

想象一下在路上開車時，突然發(fā)生事故，雖然不是很嚴(yán)重，但你還是有些驚慌失措，你知道該給誰打電話么?假如事故嚴(yán)重，你失去了意識或者被困住，無法撥打求助電話，又該怎么辦呢?

These are the kinds of situations that prompted the European Union to pass a law requiring all new vehicles sold there be equipped with technology called eCall. The system automatically contacts emergency services when there's a car accident, no matter how minor.

這些情況促使歐盟通過一項法案，要求全部在售新車配備緊急呼叫(eCall)。這個系統(tǒng)會在發(fā)生哪怕很小的事故時自動聯(lián)系應(yīng)急服務(wù)。

The law was proposed in April 2013, passed by the European Parliament two years later, and took effect in April 2018.

該法案在2013年4月提交，兩年后被歐洲議會通過，并在2018年四月生效。

How it Works

如何運作

The eCall system connects the vehicle's occupants to a human operator at the proper Public Safety Answering Point (in other words, a call center) for the vehicle's location. The center will receive a set of data to assist them, including the location of the accident, information about the vehicle (such as its VIN), the route the vehicle was traveling (i.e. northbound or southbound), and whether the system was manually or automatically activated.

應(yīng)急呼叫系統(tǒng)會使車主與當(dāng)?shù)氐墓舶踩珣?yīng)答中心的人工服務(wù)取得聯(lián)系以獲得車輛位置。中心會接收到一系列數(shù)據(jù)，包括事故位置、車輛信息(如車輛識別碼)、行駛路線與系統(tǒng)的觸發(fā)方式(手動或是自動)。

ECall won't necessarily help prevent collisions, but it has the potential to save lives by getting help to injured motorists as quickly as possible.

這個系統(tǒng)雖無法阻止事故發(fā)生，但是它能夠通過盡快尋求幫助來挽救受傷司機的生命。

If the eCall system sounds familiar, it is similar to other emergency onboard telematics systems already equipped on vehicles. However, in the United States, these are optional services offered by auto manufacturers, and often require paid subscriptions.

這個系統(tǒng)并不陌生，它其實類似于其它已有的車載遠程信息處理系統(tǒng)。然而在美國，這種系統(tǒng)是由汽車制造商提供的可選服務(wù)，通常會收取費用。

General Motors, for instance, has offered its OnStar service since 1996, and during that timeframe, the company has collected extremely valuable data, including why it is important to have human operators.

例如通用汽車，從1996年起就提供OnStar服務(wù)，在這期間，通用收集了非常有價值的數(shù)據(jù)，包括為什么要配有人工服務(wù)。

The eCall mandate was originally proposed to work simply by connecting the cars to a computer operator, but OnStar's two decades of data helped explain why that would be a bad idea: false-positives. The data showed that in the early days of Onstar, seven out of 10 calls were false-positives. So having human operators will determine if the calls actually require an emergency dispatch or not.

最初eCall的設(shè)計只是簡單的將車輛與電腦應(yīng)答聯(lián)系起來，但是OnStar二十年的數(shù)據(jù)解釋了為什么這并非一個好的設(shè)計：誤報。數(shù)據(jù)顯示早期OnStar十分之七的呼叫是誤報。因此配有人工服務(wù)能夠識別是否真的需要調(diào)度應(yīng)急服務(wù)。

The Privacy Issue

隱私條款

But not everyone seems to be on board. In order to provide accurate information to emergency services, vehicles with eCall must be traceable, and since eCall is now mandatory, that data can be shared whether vehicle owners like it or not. The transmission of this data, particularly location details, has caused critics to question the safety and security of the eCall system as it relates to privacy. The eCall regulations require manufacturers of eCall systems (such as automakers and tech companies) and service providers (telecom companies that transmit the data) to comply with specific privacy rules, procedures and precautions.

并非所有人都愿意參與其中。為了給緊急服務(wù)提供準(zhǔn)確的信息，配備eCall的車輛必須被跟蹤，一旦強制配置eCall，無論車主是否愿意，車輛的信息都會被上傳。數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸，尤其是位置信息，引起了評論的對eCall隱私安全性的質(zhì)疑。eCall規(guī)定要求生產(chǎn)商和服務(wù)提供商遵守特定的隱私條例、程序及注意事項。

Despite privacy concerns, that data can be useful beyond its life-saving potential, according to TechRepublic. It will be helpful in developing new technology, such as self-driving cars, and it can be used to refine and improve telematics systems going forward.

TechRepublic網(wǎng)站提到，盡管存在隱私問題，數(shù)據(jù)除了挽救生命還會有更大用處。它會幫助開發(fā)例如自動駕駛等新技術(shù)，還可以用來改善和提高未來的遠程信息處理技術(shù)。

So can drivers in the United States anticipate technology like eCall anytime soon? According to Jose Ucles, a public affairs representative from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), probably not.

那么美國的司機們是否也期待eCall這樣的技術(shù)呢?國家公路交通安全管理局公共事務(wù)代表Jose Ucles表示，并不。

"If a law were passed, it would be our job to figure out how to implement it — probably by establishing a regulation," Ucles says via email. "Historically, the regulatory development and implementation process can take years from start to finish and includes a public notice and comment period for each regulatory action."

“如果法案通過了，如何落實它可能就是我們的工作了，可能要通過制定規(guī)則來實現(xiàn)，” Jose Ucles在郵件中提到。“歷來監(jiān)管措施的制定和推廣過程會持續(xù)多年，包括每項監(jiān)管措施的公告和咨詢期。”