研究：玩手機(jī)對(duì)眼睛到底有多大傷害？

智能手機(jī)普及的今天，眼干、眼澀、眼疲勞似乎成了很多手機(jī)族的常態(tài)。最新研究顯示，手機(jī)和電子產(chǎn)品發(fā)出的藍(lán)光對(duì)眼睛的傷害是不可逆轉(zhuǎn)的?？赐晗旅娴膱?bào)道，你還會(huì)每天拿著手機(jī)幾個(gè)小時(shí)不放嗎?

We all know that the blue light that emits from our smartphones isn't good for our eyes, but a new study has discovered just how much damage it can cause.

我們都知道智能手機(jī)發(fā)出的藍(lán)光對(duì)眼睛有傷害，但一項(xiàng)最新研究解釋了藍(lán)光能造成的傷害程度。

Researchers say that this light is absorbed by vital molecules in our retina and triggers the production of a toxic chemical that kill cells.

研究人員稱，視網(wǎng)膜上面一些重要的分子會(huì)吸收這些藍(lán)光，并會(huì)產(chǎn)生能殺死細(xì)胞的有毒化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

This damage can lead to large blind spots in our vision that are the hallmark of macular degeneration, a disease that leads to blindness.

這種傷害可導(dǎo)致視力出現(xiàn)較大的盲點(diǎn)，這也是黃斑變性的典型特征。黃斑變性會(huì)導(dǎo)致失明。

The team from the University of Toledo in Ohio says it is urging the public to not use phones in the dark because this can dilate pupils and lead to even more harmful blue light entering our eyes.

俄亥俄州托萊多大學(xué)的研究小組呼吁公眾不要在暗處使用手機(jī)，因?yàn)檫@會(huì)使瞳孔放大，導(dǎo)致更多的有害藍(lán)光進(jìn)入眼睛。

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss for those aged 50 or older, according to the National Eye Institute.

美國國家眼科研究所的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，老年性黃斑變性是50歲及以上人群視力喪失的主因。

The condition occurs when the macula, an oval area near the center of the retina that allows for sharp vision, becomes damaged.

當(dāng)視網(wǎng)膜中心附近橢圓形的黃斑區(qū)受到損害時(shí)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)視力喪失。黃斑區(qū)的狀況決定視力水平。

Sufferers will experience blurred vision or even 'blind spots' in their central vision that may grow larger as the retina dies.

黃斑變性患者通常會(huì)覺得中心視覺區(qū)域視力模糊，甚至出現(xiàn)“盲點(diǎn)”，而且隨著視網(wǎng)膜細(xì)胞壞死，視覺模糊和出現(xiàn)盲點(diǎn)的區(qū)域會(huì)擴(kuò)大。

Treatments include medications that stop new blood vessels from forming in the eye as well as laser therapies that destroy abnormal blood vessels.

對(duì)黃斑變性的治療包括使用藥物治療防止眼內(nèi)形成新生血管，以及破壞異常血管的激光療法等。

For this study, the team decided to focus on retinal, a form of vitamin A found in the retina that coverts light into metabolic energy.

在此次研究中，研究小組把重心放在視網(wǎng)膜上，視網(wǎng)膜上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種維生素A能夠把光轉(zhuǎn)換成能量代謝。

Photoreceptor cells, known more commonly as rods and cones, use retinal to covert light into signals that are sent to the brain.

感光細(xì)胞(通常被稱為干體與錐體細(xì)胞)通過視網(wǎng)膜將光線轉(zhuǎn)換為信號(hào)，并傳遞給大腦。

'The human eye reflects UV light (such as from the sun) very well but it allows blue light to enter and the retinal can absorb blue light very well,' lead author Dr Ajith Karunarathne, an assistant professor in the UT department of chemistry and biochemistry, told Daily Mail Online.

研究報(bào)告的主要作者卡如那拉西恩博士告訴每日郵報(bào)網(wǎng)站說：“人的眼睛反射紫外光(比如來自太陽)的能力很強(qiáng)，但會(huì)讓藍(lán)光進(jìn)入眼睛，視網(wǎng)膜吸收藍(lán)光的能力也很強(qiáng)。”他是托萊多大學(xué)化學(xué)和生物化學(xué)系的助理教授。

Dr Karunarathne noted that blue light alone or retinal that hadn't absorbed blue light did not have any effect on the cells.

卡如那拉西恩博士指出，僅僅是藍(lán)光，或是沒有吸收藍(lán)光的視網(wǎng)膜不會(huì)對(duì)細(xì)胞有任何影響。

He added that there was no activity when retinal was exposed to other light colors such as green, red or yellow.

他補(bǔ)充說，當(dāng)視網(wǎng)膜暴露于綠色、紅色或者黃色等淺色時(shí)，不會(huì)有任何反應(yīng)。

The team did find a molecule, a vitamin E derivative known as alpha tocopherol, that can stop the cells from dying.

研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種分子能夠阻止細(xì)胞的死亡，這是一種維生素E的衍生物，也稱為α生育酚。

'When you damage the photoreceptor cells, they’re damaged for good, so the vitamin E derivative currently just mitigates damage,' said Dr Karunarathne.

卡如那拉西恩博士說：“感光細(xì)胞受到的傷害不可逆，所以維生素E的衍生物目前也只能減輕這種傷害。”

'We're currently screening for more molecules to see if they can quench this damaging reaction.'

“目前我們正在篩選更多的分子，看它們是否能終結(jié)這種損害反應(yīng)。”

He explained that as we get older, the ability to prevent attacks from retinal that has absorbed blue light became weaker, which leads to macular degeneration.

他解釋說，隨著年齡的增長，吸收了藍(lán)光的視網(wǎng)膜防受損能力也在減弱，導(dǎo)致黃斑變性。

Dr Karunarathne says some of the ways we can protect ourselves include wearing sunglasses that can filter both UV and blue light, using blue light filters on our phones, and not looking at cell phones or tablets in the dark.

卡如那拉西恩博士說，有幾種辦法可以保護(hù)眼睛：佩戴可以過濾掉紫外線和藍(lán)光的太陽鏡，在手機(jī)上貼上藍(lán)光濾膜，不要在暗處玩手機(jī)和平板。

'Looking at cell phones in the dark can be very harmful because the pupils are dilated so more blue light can get in and cause damage,' he said.

他說：“在暗處看手機(jī)非常有害，因?yàn)橥讜?huì)放大，從而使更多藍(lán)光進(jìn)入眼睛，導(dǎo)致傷害。”