巧克力還是芝士?科學(xué)揭秘人類到底更喜歡哪一個(gè)

When it comes to a choice between sweet or savoury, it's often a case of chocolate or cheese. And according to a US study, humans will choose carbohydrate-rich chocolate over cheese when the option is presented.

涉及甜還是咸的選擇時(shí)，通常面臨的都是巧克力還是芝士這道選擇題。一項(xiàng)美國(guó)研究表示，當(dāng)有物可選時(shí)，人類會(huì)選擇碳水化合物豐富的巧克力，而非芝士。

Dana Small at the Yale University School of Medicinein New Haven, Connecticut, performed a study where volunteers were asked to put monetary bids on a variety of different foods. They found that the volunteers would place higher bids on things like cake, chocolate and sugary treats over savoury snacks like cheese.

康涅狄格州紐黑文耶魯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的Dana Small開(kāi)展了一項(xiàng)研究，要求志愿者對(duì)各種不同的食物進(jìn)行金錢投標(biāo)。他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，志愿者在蛋糕、巧克力和甜食等食物方面投標(biāo)的金額要高于芝士等咸味零食。

 

Furthermore, the researchers carried out brain scans of the volunteers and found there was as urge of activity in the part of the brain involved with habits and rewards when they were choosing the sweet snacks like chocolate.

此外，研究員對(duì)這些志愿者的大腦進(jìn)行了掃描，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)志愿者選擇巧克力等甜食時(shí)，他們涉及習(xí)慣和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)的大腦區(qū)域活動(dòng)激增。

"These results provide the first demonstration that foods high in fat and carbohydrate are, calorie for calorie, valued more than foods containing only fat or carbohydrate and that this effect is associated with greater recruitment of central reward circuits," explained the research team.

"這些結(jié)果首次證明了脂肪含量和碳水化合物含量高的食物比只含有脂肪或只含有碳水化合物的食物更受重視，這一效應(yīng)與更多的中央獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)回路補(bǔ)充相關(guān)，"該研究團(tuán)隊(duì)解釋道。

In a separate study, researchers from Columbia University discovered a way to removecravings for sugar in mice, and say that the technique could one day be applied to humans. The team performed several experiments in which the sweet or bitter connections to the amygdala were artificially switched off.

在另一項(xiàng)研究中，哥倫比亞大學(xué)的研究員發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種方法，可消除老鼠對(duì)糖的渴望。研究員稱這種技術(shù)有一天可用于人類。該團(tuán)隊(duì)開(kāi)展了多項(xiàng)研究，人為地關(guān)閉了扁桃體對(duì)甜味和苦味的感知。

When the sweet connections were turned off, the mice could still recognise and distinguish sweet from bitter, but lacked the basic emotional reactions, like preference for sugar oraversion to bitter. Dr Wang said: "It would be like taking a bite of your favourite chocolate cake but not deriving any enjoyment from doing so. After a few bites, you may stop eating, whereas otherwise you would have scarfed it down."

甜味感知被關(guān)閉時(shí)，老鼠仍能識(shí)別、辨別出甜味和苦味，但卻喪失了基本的情緒反應(yīng)，比如喜歡甜味、討厭苦味。Wang醫(yī)生說(shuō)道："就像咬了一口你最愛(ài)的巧克力蛋糕，但卻不會(huì)從中獲得任何樂(lè)趣。吃了幾口之后，你可能就不吃了，或者會(huì)狼吞虎咽的吃完。"

The researchers believe that the technique could one day be applied to humans, and could be used to treat people with obesity or eating disorders.

研究員認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)技術(shù)有一天或?qū)⒈挥糜谌祟?，可用于治療肥胖或飲食失調(diào)。