最孤獨(dú)的人是誰？答案出乎你的意料

很多人都認(rèn)為獨(dú)居的老人最孤獨(dú)，但是研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，最孤獨(dú)的其實(shí)是青少年和青年，而且這部分人群患上孤獨(dú)相關(guān)疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。

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Older people are often thought of as being lonely. Maybe their partner has passed away and they live alone, and their age means they can't get around like they used to.

人們通常認(rèn)為老年人是孤獨(dú)的。也許他們的配偶去世了，他們過著獨(dú)居生活，上了年紀(jì)意味著他們無法像過去一樣生活。

Research has shown how loneliness is bad for our health.

已有研究顯示，孤獨(dú)對(duì)健康是有害的。

For example, one study looked at how being lonely can increase the levels of stress hormones in our bodies, which have been linked to heart disease, diabetes, and dementia. Another showed how lonely people have a 50 percent increased risk of early death.

例如，一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，孤獨(dú)會(huì)令體內(nèi)的壓力荷爾蒙水平升高，壓力荷爾蒙和心臟病、糖尿病和癡呆癥有關(guān)。另一項(xiàng)研究顯示，孤獨(dú)者的早逝風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加50%。

But while we think of older people being more solitary, and thus more lonely, this might not actually be true.

雖然人們都以為老年人孤身一人的時(shí)候更多，所以更寂寞，但事實(shí)也許不是這樣。

According to the work of Julianne Holt-Lunstad, a psychology professor at Brigham Young University in Utah, loneliness is actually at its peak among teenagers and young adults.

美國(guó)猶他州楊百翰大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授朱莉安娜·郝特-朗斯達(dá)的研究報(bào)告指出，實(shí)際上，青少年和青年才是最孤獨(dú)的。

Holt-Lunstad and her colleagues analysed 70 studies, and found that there were stronger risks of loneliness-related illness for under- 65s than over-65s.

郝特-朗斯達(dá)和她的同事們分析了70項(xiàng)研究后發(fā)現(xiàn)，65歲以下人群患孤獨(dú)相關(guān)疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比65歲以上人群更高。

Also, the US National Social Life, Health and Ageing Project states that just 30 percent of older adults feel lonely fairly often.

此外，美國(guó)國(guó)家社會(huì)生活、健康和老齡化項(xiàng)目稱，只有30%的老年人經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)。

"Older adults should not be the sole focus of the effects of loneliness and social isolation. We need to address this for all ages," Holt-Lunstad told The New York Times, which summed up the health impacts of loneliness in a recent article.

郝特-朗斯達(dá)告訴《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》說：“老年人不應(yīng)該是孤獨(dú)和與世隔絕效應(yīng)唯一關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。我們需要關(guān)注各個(gè)年齡層的孤獨(dú)問題。”《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》近期的一篇文章中總結(jié)了孤獨(dú)對(duì)健康的影響。

"If we recognise social connections as a fundamental human need, then we can't discount the risks of being socially isolated even if people don't feel lonely," she added.

她補(bǔ)充說：“如果我們將社會(huì)聯(lián)系視為人類基本需求，我們就不能低估與世隔絕的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，即使與世隔絕者并不感到孤獨(dú)。”

Being lonely and being alone are two different things. While older people might be alone much of the time, this doesn't mean they are unhappy about it.

孤獨(dú)和孤身一人是兩回事。老年人也許大部分時(shí)間都是孤身一人，但這不意味著他們不喜歡那樣的狀態(tài)。

In fact, people can feel lonely when they're surrounded by others. Many lonely people are also married.

事實(shí)上，人們?cè)谟腥讼喟闀r(shí)也會(huì)感到孤獨(dú)。很多已婚人士也會(huì)覺得孤獨(dú)。

"Being unmarried is a significant risk," Holt-Lunstad told the New York Times, "but not all marriages are happy ones. We have to consider the quality of relationships, not simply their existence or quantity."

“未婚是一個(gè)重大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，”郝特-朗斯達(dá)告訴《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》說，“不過，并不是所有婚姻都幸福。我們必須考慮婚姻的質(zhì)量，不能只看結(jié)婚與否或結(jié)婚時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短。”

It is well known that things like alcohol, diet, smoking, and air pollution can contribute to us living shorter lives.

眾所周知，酒精、節(jié)食、吸煙和空氣污染等因素會(huì)縮短人們的壽命。

But it's important not to overlook loneliness as something that can be detrimental to both our psychological and physical well-being too.

不過，不要忽視孤獨(dú)對(duì)我們身心的危害也很重要。