噴嚏——你了解嗎？

小編導(dǎo)語：噴嚏，又稱噴嚏反射，指鼻黏膜受刺激，急劇吸氣，然后很快地由鼻孔噴出并發(fā)出聲音的現(xiàn)象。是一種人和動(dòng)物的生理反射行為。也是一種人體對體內(nèi)細(xì)菌排泄的一種方式。那噴嚏用英語怎么說呢?打噴嚏時(shí)老外會(huì)說什么呢?

Many people have become accustomed to saying "bless you" or "gesundheit" when someone sneezes. No one says anything when someone coughs, blows their nose or burps, so why do sneezes get special treatment? What do those phrases actually mean, anyway?

當(dāng)有人打噴嚏時(shí)，很多人習(xí)慣說“bless you”或“gesundheit”。但當(dāng)有人咳嗽、擤鼻涕或打嗝時(shí)，人們往往不會(huì)說什么。那么為什么打噴嚏會(huì)得到特別關(guān)注呢?這些短語實(shí)際上又是什么意思呢?
 

 

Wishing someone well after they sneeze probably originated thousands of years ago. The Romans would say "Jupiter preserve you" or "Salve," which meant "good health to you," and the Greeks would wish each other "long life." The phrase "God bless you" is attributed to Pope Gregory the Great, who uttered it in the sixth century during a bubonic plague epidemic (sneezing is an obvious symptom of one form of the plague).

在有人打噴嚏時(shí)祝愿他們安好，這一習(xí)俗起源于幾千年前。羅馬人會(huì)說“木星保佑你”或“安慰”，意思是“祝你身體健康”。希臘人則會(huì)互相祝愿“長壽”。人們普遍認(rèn)為“God bless you”這一短語起源于六世紀(jì)黑死病泛濫時(shí)期，出自羅馬教皇格雷戈里之口。(打噴嚏是這種瘟疫的一種明顯征兆)。

The exchangeable term "gesundheit" comes from Germany, and it literally means "health." The idea is that a sneeze typically precedes illness. It entered the English language in the early part of the 20th century, brought to the United States by German-speaking immigrants.

“gesundheit”這一術(shù)語來源于德國，字面意思是“健康”。他們認(rèn)為打噴嚏代表著即將感染疾病。在20世紀(jì)早期，這一短語由德國移民帶入了美國，開始在英語中使用。

Virtually every country around the globe has its own way of wishing sneezers well. People in Arabic countries say, "Alhamdulillah," which means, "praise be to God." Hindus say, "Live!" or "Live well!" Some countries have special sneezing responses for children. In Russia, after children are given the traditional response, "bud zdorov" ("be healthy"), they are also told "rosti bolshoi" ("grow big"). When a child sneezes in China, he or she will hear "bai sui," which means, "may you live 100 years."

事實(shí)上，世界上每個(gè)國家都有自己的方式表達(dá)對打噴嚏者的祝愿。阿拉伯語國家的人會(huì)說“感謝真主”，意思是“贊美歸于真神”。印度教徒會(huì)說“活著”或“好好活著”。一些國家對小孩子打噴嚏有著特殊的反應(yīng)。在俄羅斯，人們在給予傳統(tǒng)祝福“愿你健康”后，還會(huì)祝愿孩子“長得高大”。在中國孩子啊打噴嚏時(shí)，會(huì)聽到人們對他或她說“百歲”，意思是“愿你長命百歲”。

For the most part, the various sneeze responses originated from ancient superstitions. Some people believed that a sneeze causes the soul to escape the body through the nose. Saying "bless you" would stop the devil from claiming the person's freed soul. Others believed the opposite: that evil spirits use the sneeze as an opportunity to enter a person's body. There was also the misconception that the heart momentarily stops during a sneeze (it doesn't), and that saying "bless you" was a way of welcoming the person back to life.

對于打噴嚏的各種翻譯，大多源于封建迷信。一些人認(rèn)為，打噴嚏會(huì)導(dǎo)致靈魂通過鼻子脫離身體。說“保佑你”可以阻止魔鬼奪走人們的自由靈魂。還有一些人有著截然不同的想法：惡靈會(huì)趁打噴嚏時(shí)，進(jìn)入人的身體。還有一些錯(cuò)誤觀念認(rèn)為，打噴嚏時(shí)心跳會(huì)暫停(實(shí)際并沒有)，說“bless you”是歡迎你起死回生。

We now know that sneezing is a reflex action and is most often the sign of something relatively benign, such as a cold or allergy. A sneeze also can be provoked by being outside in the sunlight or from smelling a strong odor. Still, we persist in the custom of saying "bless you" or "gesundheit," mainly out of habit and common courtesy.

我們現(xiàn)在都知道，打噴嚏只是一種反射行為。通常來說，它可能是某種不怎么嚴(yán)重的疾病征兆，例如感冒或過敏。在戶外陽光下或聞到刺激性氣味，也有可能打噴嚏。我們?nèi)匀槐Ａ糁f“bless you”或“gesundheit”的習(xí)俗，這是出于一種習(xí)慣和公共禮節(jié)。

本文中重難點(diǎn)詞匯：

Gesundheit：int. 祝你健康; 對剛打噴嚏的人的祝愿;

例句：when someone sneezes, can say Gesundheit in six languages.
當(dāng)某人打噴嚏時(shí)，你可以用六種語言說祝你健康嗎？

sneezes：n. 打噴嚏；v. 打噴嚏

例句：What exactly happens when we sneeze?
我們打噴嚏究竟是怎么回事?

superstitions：n. 迷信

例句：Fortune-telling is a very much debased art surrounded by superstition.
算命是一種透著迷信色彩的十分低級的把戲。

courtesy：n. 禮貌;

例句：She called on us merely for the sake of courtesy.
她來訪只是為了禮貌。