英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯每日一練 274

請(qǐng)將下面這段話翻譯成英文：

中國(guó)的供水與衛(wèi)生情況正在經(jīng)歷一次大規(guī)模轉(zhuǎn)型，同時(shí)也面臨著許多挑戰(zhàn)，諸如快速城市化、貧富差距和城鄉(xiāng)差距擴(kuò)大等。水資源短缺和水污染也給中國(guó)帶來(lái)極大的挑戰(zhàn)。隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，人類對(duì)水的需求不斷增加，但可以供人類使用的水資源卻急劇減少。水資源危機(jī)所帶來(lái)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)惡化的問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重威脅著人類的生存。如何更有效地利用水資源，推進(jìn)水資源的可持續(xù)開(kāi)發(fā)和保護(hù)，已經(jīng)成為世界各國(guó)共同面對(duì)的緊迫問(wèn)題。

參考翻譯

Water supply and sanitation in China is undergoing a massive transition,while facing numerous challenges such as rapid urbanization,a widening gap between the rich and poor as well as urban and rural areas.Water scarcity and water pollution in China also pose great challenges.With the development of the society,people's demand for water has been constantly increasing,but the water resource available for human is sharply decreasing.The deterioration of ecosystem brought about by the water resource crisis threatens human's existence seriously.How to make use of the water resource more effectively and promote the sustainable development and protection of water resource has become an urgent problem that all the countries in the world face.

1.水資源短缺和水污染也給中國(guó)帶來(lái)極大的挑戰(zhàn):需注意其中動(dòng)詞“帶來(lái)”的譯法，可譯為bring about和pose,但pose更適合嚴(yán)肅正式的文體，其表示“造成、招致”時(shí)，后面一般接表示威脅、危險(xiǎn)、挑戰(zhàn)等消極意義的詞。如:pose a threat,pose a problem等。

2.水資源危機(jī)所帶來(lái)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)惡化的問(wèn)題嚴(yán)重威脅著人類的生存:關(guān)鍵在于“生態(tài)系統(tǒng)惡化的問(wèn)題”的定語(yǔ)“水資源危機(jī)所帶來(lái)的”的譯法。參考譯文中使用過(guò)去分詞做后置定語(yǔ)，代替定語(yǔ)從句，顯得更為簡(jiǎn)潔。