英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)內(nèi)容精選：生物地理學(xué)

英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)無(wú)疑是提升英語(yǔ)能力的重要途徑之一。通過(guò)這一方式，學(xué)習(xí)者不僅能夠有效地鍛煉自己的語(yǔ)言技能，如閱讀理解和詞匯運(yùn)用，還能在實(shí)踐中不斷擴(kuò)充六級(jí)詞匯，深化對(duì)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的理解。以下是一個(gè)關(guān)于“生物地理學(xué)”主題的英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)示例，旨在幫助學(xué)習(xí)者在掌握知識(shí)的同時(shí)，進(jìn)一步加深對(duì)英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用的理解和感受。

英文原文

In the realm of lesser-known scientific disciplines, there lies a fascinating field known as biogeography, the study of the distribution of living organisms across geographical regions and their relationship with the environment. This interdisciplinary science draws upon biology, geology, and climatology to unravel the mysteries of why certain species thrive in certain areas while others are absent.

在鮮為人知的科學(xué)領(lǐng)域中，有一個(gè)引人入勝的學(xué)科叫做生物地理學(xué)，它研究生物體在地理區(qū)域的分布及其與環(huán)境的關(guān)系。這門跨學(xué)科的科學(xué)結(jié)合了生物學(xué)、地質(zhì)學(xué)和氣候?qū)W，以解開(kāi)為什么某些物種在某些地區(qū)繁衍生息，而其他物種則不存在的謎團(tuán)。

One of the cornerstones of biogeography is the theory of island biogeography, formulated by Robert MacArthur and Edward O. Wilson in the 1960s. This theory posits that the size of an island, its isolation from the mainland, and the duration of its existence are crucial factors influencing the diversity and abundance of species found thereon. Smaller, more isolated islands tend to have fewer species and often exhibit unique evolutionary adaptations.

生物地理學(xué)的一個(gè)基石是島嶼生物地理學(xué)理論，該理論由羅伯特·麥克阿瑟和愛(ài)德華·O·威爾遜在20世紀(jì)60年代提出。該理論認(rèn)為，島嶼的大小、與大陸的隔離程度以及存在時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短是影響島上物種多樣性和豐富度的關(guān)鍵因素。較小且更孤立的島嶼往往物種較少，并經(jīng)常展現(xiàn)出獨(dú)特的進(jìn)化適應(yīng)性。

Another intriguing aspect of biogeography involves the study of dispersal patterns—how organisms migrate and colonize new habitats. This process is influenced by numerous factors, including wind currents, ocean currents, and the ability of species to navigate or hitchhike on other organisms. Understanding dispersal patterns is crucial for conservation efforts, as it helps predict the potential spread of invasive species and the recovery of endangered ones.

生物地理學(xué)的另一個(gè)有趣方面涉及擴(kuò)散模式的研究——即生物體如何遷移并定居新棲息地。這一過(guò)程受到多種因素的影響，包括風(fēng)流、洋流以及物種導(dǎo)航或附著在其他生物體上遷移的能力。了解擴(kuò)散模式對(duì)于保護(hù)工作至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樗兄陬A(yù)測(cè)入侵物種的潛在擴(kuò)散以及瀕危物種的恢復(fù)。

In recent years, advances in technology have greatly enhanced our understanding of biogeography. For instance, genetic sequencing techniques have revealed intricate relationships between species, allowing researchers to trace their evolutionary histories and migration routes. Satellite imagery and remote sensing technologies, meanwhile, provide unprecedented insights into the dynamics of ecosystems and the distribution of biodiversity across vast landscapes.

近年來(lái)，技術(shù)的進(jìn)步極大地加深了我們對(duì)生物地理學(xué)的理解。例如，基因測(cè)序技術(shù)揭示了物種之間的復(fù)雜關(guān)系，使研究人員能夠追蹤它們的進(jìn)化歷史和遷移路線。同時(shí)，衛(wèi)星圖像和遙感技術(shù)提供了對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)動(dòng)態(tài)以及廣闊景觀中生物多樣性分布的前所未有的見(jiàn)解。

問(wèn)題

1.What is biogeography primarily concerned with?
A. The behavior of animals in captivity.
B. The study of geological formations.
C. The distribution of living organisms and their environmental relationships.
D. The impact of human activities on the ecosystem.

2.According to the theory of island biogeography, what factor does not significantly influence species diversity on islands?
A. Island size.
B. Duration of island existence.
C. Distance from the mainland.
D. The amount of freshwater resources.

3.Why is understanding dispersal patterns important for conservation efforts?
A. It helps to increase the number of invasive species.
B. It allows researchers to predict the potential spread of harmful organisms.
C. It provides information on how to genetically modify species.
D. It simplifies the process of restoring ecosystems.

4.Which technology has enabled researchers to trace the evolutionary histories of species?
A. Satellite imagery.
B. Genetic sequencing techniques.
C. Ocean current monitoring.
D. Climate modeling.

答案解析

1.答案: C

解析：生物地理學(xué)主要關(guān)注的是生物體在地理區(qū)域的分布及其與環(huán)境的關(guān)系。這一點(diǎn)在第一段中明確提到：“the study of the distribution of living organisms across geographical regions and their relationship with the environment.”（生物地理學(xué)是研究生物體在地理區(qū)域的分布及其與環(huán)境關(guān)系的學(xué)科。）因此，選項(xiàng)C正確描述了生物地理學(xué)的主要研究?jī)?nèi)容。

2.答案: D

解析：根據(jù)島嶼生物地理學(xué)理論，島嶼的大小、存在時(shí)間以及與大陸的距離是影響島上物種多樣性的關(guān)鍵因素。這一點(diǎn)在第二段中詳細(xì)闡述：“This theory posits that the size of an island, its isolation from the mainland, and the duration of its existence are crucial factors influencing the diversity and abundance of species found thereon.”（該理論認(rèn)為，島嶼的大小、與大陸的隔離程度以及存在時(shí)間的長(zhǎng)短是影響島上物種多樣性和豐富度的關(guān)鍵因素。）而淡水資源的數(shù)量并未提及為顯著影響因素，因此選項(xiàng)D正確。

3.答案: B

解析：了解擴(kuò)散模式對(duì)于保護(hù)工作之所以重要，是因?yàn)樗軌驇椭芯咳藛T預(yù)測(cè)有害生物的潛在擴(kuò)散。這一點(diǎn)在第三段中明確提到：“Understanding dispersal patterns is crucial for conservation efforts, as it helps predict the potential spread of invasive species and the recovery of endangered ones.”（了解擴(kuò)散模式對(duì)于保護(hù)工作至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樗兄陬A(yù)測(cè)入侵物種的潛在擴(kuò)散以及瀕危物種的恢復(fù)。）因此，選項(xiàng)B正確指出了了解擴(kuò)散模式在保護(hù)工作中的重要性。

4.答案: B

解析：基因測(cè)序技術(shù)使研究人員能夠追蹤物種的進(jìn)化歷史。這一點(diǎn)在第四段中明確指出：“genetic sequencing techniques have revealed intricate relationships between species, allowing researchers to trace their evolutionary histories and migration routes.”（基因測(cè)序技術(shù)揭示了物種之間的復(fù)雜關(guān)系，使研究人員能夠追蹤它們的進(jìn)化歷史和遷移路線。）因此，選項(xiàng)B正確指出了使研究人員能夠追蹤物種進(jìn)化歷史的技術(shù)。

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