2016年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)閱讀練習(xí)(19)

　　Culture Shock

　　Culture shock is precipitated1 by the anxiety thatresults from losing all our familiar signs and symbolsof social intercourse. Those signs or cues includethe thousand and one 2 ways in which we orient3ourselves to the situation of daily life ; when toshake hands and what to say when we meet people ,when and how to give tips, how to make purchases,when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and whennot. These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, areacquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as thelanguage we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend for our peace of mind and ourefficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of consciousawareness.

　　Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed.He or she is like a fish out of water4 . No matter how broad-minded5 or full of good will youmay be , a series of props6 have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling offrustration7 and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First theyreject the environment which causes the discomfort.“The ways of the host country are badbecause they make us feel bad. ”When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouseabout8 the host country and its people , you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock.Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes atremendous importance. To the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. All thedifficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. Itusually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.

　　Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessiveconcern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants,the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-termresidents of one’s own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern overminor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back home.

　　閱讀自測(cè)

　　Ⅰ. Replace the underlined words with the phrases in the passage with the same meaning:

　　1 . Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs andsymbols of social intercourse .

　　2 . Those signs and cues include a lot of ways in which we act.

　　3 . Entering a new company with no friends help him, he feels uncomfortable.

　　4 . Although living abroad for 5 years, she still feels homesick now and then.

　?、? Question :

　　What are the symptoms of culture shock?

　　參考答案

　?、? 1. precipitated 2. the thousand and one 3. like a fish out of water 4 . longing to be back home

　?、? Some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessive 033 concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of one’s own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back home .

　　參考譯文

　　出門一日難

　　文化休克現(xiàn)象源自焦慮, 焦慮的原因是我們找不到熟悉的社會(huì)標(biāo)志及特征。這些標(biāo)志 或暗示包含了許多引導(dǎo)我們適應(yīng)日常生活的方法: 什么時(shí)候握手, 與人見面時(shí)該說(shuō)什么話, 什么時(shí)候及怎樣給小費(fèi), 如何購(gòu)物, 什么時(shí)候接受邀請(qǐng), 什么時(shí)候拒絕邀請(qǐng), 什么話需要嚴(yán) 肅對(duì)待, 什么話不需要。這些暗示可以是話語(yǔ)、手勢(shì)、面部表情、風(fēng)俗或者行為準(zhǔn)則, 它們都 是我們?cè)诔砷L(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中獲得的, 就像我們所說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言或接受的信仰那樣, 成為我們的文化 的組成部分。為了使心態(tài)平和, 工作高效, 我們大家都依賴于無(wú)數(shù)個(gè)這樣的暗示, 其中大多 數(shù)的暗示都不是我們有意識(shí)地進(jìn)行傳達(dá)的。

　　這時(shí)候, 一個(gè)人進(jìn)入一種陌生的文化領(lǐng)域時(shí), 他先前所熟悉的全部或者說(shuō)大部分的暗 示都消失了, 他就會(huì)感到無(wú)所適從。不管你是如何的心胸開闊抑或熱情高漲, 在失去了一 個(gè)個(gè)依托之后, 你總會(huì)有一種挫敗感和焦慮感。面對(duì)挫折, 人們的反應(yīng)幾乎都是一樣的。 首先, 人們會(huì)排斥給他們帶來(lái)困苦的那種環(huán)境。“ 東道國(guó)的生活方式不好是因?yàn)樗鼈冏屛?們覺(jué)得不舒服。”當(dāng)一群客居他國(guó)的同鄉(xiāng)聚在一起抱怨東道國(guó)和東道國(guó)的人民時(shí), 你就可以 確定他們正飽受文化休克之苦。文化休克的另一個(gè)階段是回歸。家鄉(xiāng)陡然變得異常重要。 對(duì)身居他鄉(xiāng)的人而言, 家鄉(xiāng)的一切都不合情理地變得榮光異彩。他們將所有的麻煩與困惑 都拋之腦后, 記住的都是家鄉(xiāng)的美好事物。通常, 只有回家一趟后才能讓他重返現(xiàn)實(shí)。

　　文化休克引起的一些癥狀是: 頻繁地洗手, 過(guò)度關(guān)心飲用水、食物及寢具問(wèn)題, 害怕與 服務(wù)生的身體接觸, 看東西時(shí)心不在焉, 感到無(wú)助和希望從來(lái)自家鄉(xiāng)的長(zhǎng)期居住于此的人 那里得到依靠感, 動(dòng)輒大發(fā)脾氣, 對(duì)小病痛和皮疹過(guò)度擔(dān)憂等等, 最后, 就是急切地渴望回 歸故里。