2015年大學(xué)英語六級閱讀長難句分析(18)

　　1. By studying mineral grains found in material ranging from rocks to clay articles, previous researchers have already been able to identify reversals dating back 170 million years, including the most recent switch 730,000 years ago.(1991. 閱讀. 1. Text 2)

　　【譯文】通過研究在巖石、陶器等材料中發(fā)現(xiàn)的礦物顆粒，先前的研究者們已經(jīng)能夠確認(rèn)距今一億七千萬年前發(fā)生的的兩級轉(zhuǎn)化現(xiàn)象，包括發(fā)生在73萬年前的最近一次兩級轉(zhuǎn)化。

　　【析句】復(fù)合句。主句previous researchers have been able to identify reversals dating back...,including...。主句中，dating back...為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾reversals。主句前，by studying mineral grains...是介詞短語作方式狀語，grains后found in material為過去分詞作定語修飾grains，而material又有ranging from to...現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。

　　2. Out of our emotional experiences with objects and events comes a social feeling of agreement that certain things and actions are good and others are bad, and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life—from what foods we eat and what clothes we wear to how we keep promises and which people our group will accept. (1991. 閱讀. 1. Text 3)

　　【譯文】與事物的感情經(jīng)歷使我們產(chǎn)生了一種社會認(rèn)同感：對特定的事物和行為的好壞達(dá)成一致意見。并且將這種“好”與“壞”的分類應(yīng)用于社會生活的方方面面，從我們吃的食物、穿的衣服到如何信守承諾以及與什么人為伍。

　　【析句】主句Out of our emotional experiences...comes a social feeling of agreement...,and we apply these categories to every aspect of our social life...。可以看出，主句由and連接的兩部分組成，前句因為介詞短語提前，所以用了倒裝語序，而且主語 a social feeling of agreement后是that引導(dǎo)的定語從句。后一句中，破折號后的內(nèi)容是對every aspect of our social life的強(qiáng)調(diào)和解釋。

　　3. It gives high rewards to individuals who perform important tasks such as surgery, makes heroes out of individuals for unusual or dangerous achievements such as flying fighter planes in a war, and uses the legal penal system to make people afraid to engage in antisocial acts. (1991. 閱讀. 1. Text 3)

　　【析句】從事重要工作的人比如醫(yī)生，受到高額獎勵;把冒著危險做出非凡壯舉的人，比如戰(zhàn)爭中的戰(zhàn)斗機(jī)飛行員，推舉成英雄;并且運用嚴(yán)酷的刑法體系使人們不敢做出反社會行為。

　　【析句】主句由兩個并列句組成，It gives high rewards to individuals,makes heroes out of individuals for...,and uses the legal peanal system to make...，三個并列的謂語動詞分別是gives,makes和uses。第一句中，individuals后有who perform important tasks作定語從句修飾individuals。第三句中，包含四個短語use sth to do sth,make sb adj,afraid to do sth, engage in sth。