2022年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（三）

英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀，作為大學(xué)英語(yǔ)能力的重要評(píng)估指標(biāo)，不僅檢驗(yàn)了學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯、語(yǔ)法的掌握，更考察了其閱讀理解和信息篩選的能力。在全球化背景下，提升這一能力對(duì)于拓寬視野、增進(jìn)跨文化交流至關(guān)重要。今天，小編將分享2022年12月大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀真題以及答案（卷三），希望能為大家提供幫助！

Section A

Directions: In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank ollowing the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Fach choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding  letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not useany of the words in the bank more than once.

Phones influence all aspects of teenage life.Ninety-five percent of Americans ages 13 to 17 have a smartphone or have access to one,and nearly half report using the internet“almost  26  ”.

But as recent survey data and interviews have suggested,many teens find much of that time to be unsatisfyingly spent.Continuous  27  shouldn't be mistaken for endless enjoyment.A new  28 representative survey about“screen time and device distractions”from the Pew Research Center indicates that it's not just parents  who think teenagers areworryingly  29  from their phones—many teens themselves do too.Fifty-four percent of the 13-to-17-year-oldssurveyed said they spend too much time  30  in their phones.

Vicky Rideout,who runs a research firm that studies children's interactions with media and technology,was not  surprised by this finding.She saysit's hardly  31  to teenagers.“They are dealing with the same challenges that adults are,as far as they are living in the  32  of a tech cnvironment designed to suck as much of their time onto their devices as possible,”Rideout says.

The way parents interact with technology can  33  the  way they interact with their kids.Rideout thus thinks it's up to parents to model good  34  :Kidstend to take note if theirparents put their phone away at dinner or charge it in another room while they sleep.Witnessing habits like that can help kids “realize that they can  35  some more control over their devices,”she says.

A)absorbed      I)recruited

B)addicted      J)shape

C)bchavior      K)solution

D)constantly     L)specific

E)context       M)summary

F)exercise       N)usage

G)inseparable    O)vaguely

H)nationally 

答案解析

26.D)【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，13歲至17歲的美國(guó)人中，95%的人擁有智能手機(jī)或可以使用智能手機(jī)，近一半的人表示“幾乎_____ ”使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)。由句意可知，本句說(shuō)明美國(guó)青少年使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)的頻率，因此本空應(yīng)填入程度副詞，由此確定答案為D)constantly。備選的其他副詞均沒有此含義，因此排除。

27.N)【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，連續(xù)_____不應(yīng)被誤認(rèn)為是無(wú)盡的享受。本句是對(duì)上一句 “許多青少年對(duì)花在手機(jī)上的大部分時(shí)間并不滿意”的進(jìn)一步闡述，因此本空指的是使用手機(jī)，應(yīng)填入含有“使用”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為N)usage。

28.H)【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在分句的意思是，佩尤研究中心關(guān)于“屏幕使用時(shí)間與設(shè)備干擾”的一項(xiàng)新的_____代表性調(diào)查表明…。由句意可知，本空應(yīng)填入表達(dá)某個(gè)級(jí)別的副詞，以限定representative的范圍，由此確定答案為H)nationally。

29.G)【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，佩尤研究中心的調(diào)查表明，不僅父母擔(dān)憂青少年與手機(jī)_____,許多青少年自己也是如此。下一句提到，在接受調(diào)查的13歲至17歲的青少年中，54%的人說(shuō)他們花太多時(shí)間在手機(jī)上。因此本空應(yīng)填入能夠說(shuō)明青少年與手機(jī)密不可分的關(guān)系的形容詞。備選形容詞中，A)absorbed 、B)addicted和G)inseparable都有此含義，但是A)absorbed  和B)addicted均不能與from搭配，因此確定本題答案為G)inseparable。

30.A)【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，在接受調(diào)查的13歲至17歲的青少年中，54%的人說(shuō)他們花太多時(shí)間_____于手機(jī)。結(jié)合上一句內(nèi)容可知，本空應(yīng)填入能表達(dá)青少年浪費(fèi)太多時(shí)間在手機(jī)上的詞。A)absorbed有“耗費(fèi)，耗去(大量金錢、時(shí)間等)”的意思，符合句意與句子結(jié)構(gòu)，因此，答案為A)absorbed。

31.L)【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，她說(shuō)這并不是青少年_____。結(jié)合下一句可知，他們(青少年) 面臨著和成年人一樣的挑戰(zhàn)。所以這并不是青少年所特有的，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“特有的，特定的”意義的形容詞，由此確定答案為L(zhǎng))specific。

32.E)【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，只要他們生活在科技環(huán)境的_____中，即旨在將盡可能多的時(shí)間吸到設(shè)備上的環(huán)境中，他們就面臨著和成年人一樣的挑戰(zhàn)。由句意可知，科技環(huán)境是青少年生活的大背景，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“背景，環(huán)境”意義的 名詞，由此確定答案為E)context。

33.J)【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，父母與科技互動(dòng)的方式可以_____他們與孩子互動(dòng)的方式。將備選動(dòng)詞原形分別代入句子中，只有shape“影響，形成”符合句意，由此確定答案為J)shape。

34.C)【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，賴德奧特認(rèn)為父母應(yīng)該樹立良好的_____榜樣。下一句提到了一些良好的父母的行為，比如吃飯時(shí)把手機(jī)收起來(lái)，或者睡覺時(shí)把手機(jī)放在另一個(gè)房間充電，因此本空應(yīng)填入含有“行為”意義的名詞，由此確定答案為C)behavior。

35.F)【語(yǔ)義判斷】空格所在句的意思是，見證這樣的習(xí)慣可以幫助孩子們“意識(shí)到他們可以對(duì)他們的設(shè)備_____更多的控制”。備選動(dòng)詞原形只有F)exercise,意為“行使(權(quán)利、權(quán)力或自身特質(zhì))”,由此確定答案為F)exercise。

Section B

Directions: In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Fach statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked witha letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.

Evil Genius

A)A few years ago I found myself teaching a university class on evil.It was for third-year criminology students to help them contextualize theory and researchwithin controversial current topics.It was a huge success.The debates were heated and interesting.I could see people's views change within the course of a single lecture.Over the past 13 years,as a student,lecturerand researcher,I've enjoyed discussing the science of evil with anyone willingto listen.What I like most is destroying the cliche( 陳詞濫調(diào))of good and evil,and replacing them with scientific insight.We needa more informed way of discussing behavior that at first we cannot,or should  not,begin to understand.

B)Without understanding,we risk dehumanizing others,writing off human beings simply because we don't comprehend them.We must try to understand what we have labeled evil.We tend to think evil is something that other people are.We think of ourselves as“good people”,and even when we do morally wrong things,we understandthe context  of our decisions.With others,however,it is far easier to write them off.If their actions deviate(偏離)substantially from what we consider acceptable,we may label them evil.We need to be careful with this.Calling someone evil is often similar to saying they cannot change,and perhaps aren't even a human at all.However,when  you actually go monster-hunting,and you look deeply at the people behindshocking behavior,you may be surprised.

C)As a child I used to love the Scooby-Doo cartoons.Arriving in their“Mystery Machine”,the gang would have to find a monsterwho was terrorizing a neighborhood.They would run around looking for clues and at the end unmask the bad guy.It was always a normal person in a costume.There were no monsters.Like the Scooby crew,we  may find ourselves hunting for an casy fix,one word for people who do bad things.But if we take a good look,the word ‘evil'is insufficient—there are no simple explanations for why humans do bad things:instead there are many,and they are all marvelously different.

D)Evil is typically referred to when there is deviance from social norms:formal deviance is the violation of laws,like theft,murder,and attacks,while informal devianceinvolves violations of socialnorms, like lying.Evil behavior is typically thought to embrace one or both forms.However,deviance can also describe a behavior that simply differs from the norm.

E)Perhaps this iswhere we can findthe good side of our badside.Deviating from the norm can make us villains(惡棍),but it can also make usheroes.A child deviatesfrom social pressures when they stand up for another child being bullied in school.A soldier deviateswhen they choose not to follow orders to kill an innocent civilian.An employee in a big tech company deviates when they expose its wrongdoings.

F)Creativity is also a deviation.Here,too,things are complex.Thinking creatively has given us modern medicine,technology and modern political structures,but it has also given us poison and nuclear weapons.Great benefit and great harm can come from the same human tendency.

G)In a research paper,Evil Genius,published in 2014,the behavioral scientists Francesca Gino and Scott Wiltermuth wanted to examine whether people who behave unethically in one task are more creative than others  on a subsequent task,even after controlling for differences in baseline creative skills.The unethical behavior they chose was dishonesty.

H)Over five experiments researchers gave participants tasks in which they could cheat.In one study,they were given matrixes(矩陣)and had to find two numbers that added up to 10.Participants were asked to self-report how well they did at the end of the study:59%cheated by saying that they solved more matrixes than they actually had.

I)After each task,the researchers measured participants'performance on the Remote Associates Test. This shows participants three words at a time that appear to be unrelated,and the person has to think of afourth word that isassociated with all of them.For example,youmight get“Fox,Man,Peep”,or “Dust,Cereal,Fish”.In order  to find the linking words(“Hole”for the first,“Bowl”for the second) you need to be creative.The more you get right,the more creative you arethought to be because you have come up with uncommon associations.

J)For everyone of the five studies,they found the same thing—participants who cheated in the first task didbetter on the creativity task.Why?Like other forms of unethical behavior,lyingmeans breaking rules.It  involves being deviant,going against the social principle that people should tell the truth. Similarly,being  creative involves“thinking outside the box”,deviating from expectations.They involve similar thought  patterns,sostimulating one stimulates the other.Can we learn from this? Perhaps.To be more creative,we could try lying in a controlled environment.Find online logicgames and cheat at them,play Scrabble(拼字游戲)with a dictionary,or write a story about something that is untrue?Such tasks can get our brainsthinking flexibly,beyond our normal comfortzone.This is not  a call to become a compulsive(強(qiáng)迫性的)liar,but a controlled liar.

K)In addition to benefits for creativity,deviance can be a good thing inother ways.Even Philip Zimbardo,the author of the Stanford prison experiment,who showed howeasily we can be led to behave badly,believes that the future of deviancerescarch may lie more in understandingextreme pro-social behavior,such as heroism.Like  evil,we often view heroism as only apossibility for outliers for people who are abnormal.But Zimbardo asks:“What if the capability to act heroically is also fundamentally ordinary and available to all of us?”Some  say we should never meet our heroes,lest they disappoint us when we find out how normal they are.But this  should be liberating,not disappointing.We are all capable ofbehaving like outliers.It's time for us to understand deviance,and realize its potential for good as well as for harm.

36.A behavior that doesnot conform to social norms may bedescribed as being deviant.

37.Various experiments found that participants who cheated in the initial task performed better in the creativity test.

38.People may be simply considered evil if their behaviors are morally unacceptable to us.

39.The research published by two scientists was intended to examine the relationshipbetween dishonesty and creativity.

40.The author's lectures sparked lively discussions in his class.

41.The researchers tested the participants'creativity by asking them to play a word game.

42.It is time we realized that deviance may be capable of doing both good andharm to individuals and society.

43.The reasonsfor people's evil behaviors can be explained inmore ways than one.

44.The math task inone experiment was designed to testparticipants'tendency to cheat.

45.Some creative ideas have turned out to do harm to human society.

答案解析

36.【定位】由題干中的 bchavior、social norms,be dccribed as和dcviant定位到文章D)段最后一句。

D)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，反常也可以描述一種只是與正常不同的行為。題干中的A behavior that does not conform to social norms對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的 a behavior that simply differs from the norm;題干中的be described as對(duì)應(yīng)定 位句中的describe;題干中的being deviant 對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的 deviance。題干是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為D)。

37.【定位】由題干中的 Various experiments、participants who cheated in the initial task、better和creativity test定位到文章J)段第一句。

J)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，對(duì)于五項(xiàng)研究中的每一項(xiàng)，他們都發(fā)現(xiàn)了同樣的事情——在第一項(xiàng)任務(wù)中作弊的參與者在創(chuàng)造性任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)得更好。題干中的Various experiments對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的every one of the five studies;題干中的 participants who cheated in the initial task performed better in the creativity test 對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的participants who cheated in the first task did better on the creativity task。題干是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為J)。

38.【定位】由題干中的evil、behaviors和unaceptable to us定位到文章B)段第六句。

B)【精析】同義轉(zhuǎn)述題。定位句提到，如果別人的行為嚴(yán)重偏離我們認(rèn)為可以接受的范圍，我們可能會(huì)給他們貼上邪惡的標(biāo)簽。題干中的People may be simply considered evil對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的we may label them evil;題干中的their behaviors are morally unacceptable to us對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的their actions deviate substantially from what we consider acceptable,題干是對(duì)定位句的同義轉(zhuǎn)述，故答案為B)。

39.【定位】由題干中的 rescarch、published、two scientists 和the relationship between dishonesty and creativity定位到文章G)段。

G)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位段提到，在2014年發(fā)表的一篇名為《邪惡天才》的研究論文中，科學(xué)家弗朗西斯卡·吉諾和斯科特·威爾特穆斯想要研究，在一項(xiàng)任務(wù)中表現(xiàn)不道德的人在后續(xù)任務(wù)中是否比其他人更有創(chuàng)造力。他們選擇的不道德行為是不誠(chéng)實(shí)。題干中的The research published by two scientists對(duì)應(yīng)定位段中的a research paper,Evil Genius..the behavioral scientists Francesca Gino and Scott Wiltermuth;題干中的 intended to examine the relationship between dishonesty and creativity對(duì)應(yīng)定位段中的wanted to examine whether people who behave unethically in one task are more creative than others on a subsequent task...The unethica behavior they chose was dishonesty。題干是對(duì)定位段的概括歸納，故答案為G)。

40.【定位】由題干中的The author's lecturcs和sparked lively discussions定位到文章A)段第一至四句。

A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。定位句提到，幾年前，“我”在大學(xué)里教一門關(guān)于邪惡的課程。這是為犯罪學(xué)三年級(jí)的學(xué)生準(zhǔn)備的，幫助他們結(jié)合當(dāng)前一些有爭(zhēng)議的話題背景來(lái)理解理論和研究。這是一個(gè)巨大的成功。辯論激烈而有趣。題干中The author's lectures對(duì)應(yīng)定位句中的I found myself teaching auniverity class;題干中的sparked lively

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section.Fach passage isfollowed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the bestchoice and mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Even though we are living in an age where growing old is thought of as an inevitable misery,this doctor has been changing the game for seniors over the last 25 years.

It all started in 1991 when the Harvard-educated physician was transferred from working in a stressful emergency room to being the medical director of a nursing home in upstate New York.The depressing and regimented (嚴(yán)格管制的)environment got him thinking on what exactly could improve the residents' conditions.

Even though animals in nursing homes were illegal at the time,Dr.Bill Thomas took a chance.Based on a hunch(直覺) ,he brought in two dogs,four cats,hens,rabbits,100birds,amultitude of plants,a flower garden,and a vegetable patch.

The change was dramatic.There was a 50% drop in medical prescriptions along with adramatic decrease in death  rates—but most importantly,the residents were simply happier.

Dr.Thomas's approach,named the Fden Alternative,has driven nursing homes to allow a more autonomous (自主的)and creative living space for their elderly.It erases the belief that growing old means growing useless.He encourages residents to think of their age as an enriching new phase of life rather than the cnd of it.

Thomas,now a speaker and author of several books,also created small,independently-run residences with theirown bedrooms and bathrooms,and he has been preaching a singular message that getting old is not a bad thing.

“Within six weeks,they had to send a truck around to pick up all the wheelchairs,”Thomas told the Washington Post.“You know why most people in nursing homes use wheelchairs?Becausethe buildings are so big.”

The 56-year-old doctor's methods have been adopted inAustralia,Japan,Canada,andAmerica with enormous success.Last year he published Second Wind:Navigating the Passage to a Slower,Deeper,and More Connected  Life,a guide on how to shift our perspectives on aging and growth.

He is currently traveling through North America performing with his guitar and his enthusiasm on his Age of Disruption Tour.

46.What has Bill Thomas been doing for a quarter of a century?

A)Transforming people's lifestyle.

B)Honoring his Harvard education.

C)Changingpeople's philosophy of life.

D)Shifting people'sperspective on aging.

47.Why did Bill Thomas try something different in the nursinghome?

A)He wanted to make it more pleasant for seniors.

B)He wanted to apply his Harvard training to practice.

C)He felt it his duty to revolutionize its management.

D)He felt disappointed working in the environment.

48.What do we learn about Bill Thomas bringing animals and plants into the nursing home? 

A)He made a mess of thenursing home.

B)He did something all professionals would do.

C)Hewoninstant support from the state authorities.

D)He acted in violation of the state law.

49.What has Bill Thomas been persistently advocating?

A)Good health is not just aprivilege of the young.

B)Nursing homes should be strictly limited in size.

C)Getting old is by no means something miserable.

D)Residences for seniors should be run independently.

50.How is Bill Thomas'snew concept received?

A)It is gaining ground in many countries.

B)It is being heatedly debated worldwide.

C)It is considered revolutionary everywhere.

D)It is winning approval from the government.

答案解析

46.【定位】由題干中的Bill Thomas和a quarter of a century定位到第一段、第五段和第八段。

D)【精析】推理判斷題。本文第一段概括托馬斯醫(yī)生的主要成就：在過(guò)去的25年里，這位醫(yī)生一直在改變這場(chǎng)老年人的游戲。第五段末句指出，他鼓勵(lì)老年人把他們的年齡看作是生命中的一個(gè)豐富多彩的新階段，而不是生命的結(jié)束。第八段末句指出，他的書指導(dǎo)我們?nèi)绾胃淖儗?duì)衰老和成長(zhǎng)的看法。由此可見，比爾·托馬斯在努力改變?nèi)藗儗?duì)衰老的看法，故答案為D)。

47.【定位】由題干中的Why 、different和the nursing home定位到第二至四段。

A)【精析】推理判斷題。文章第二段末句提到，養(yǎng)老院壓抑而嚴(yán)格管制的環(huán)境讓他開始思考究竟怎樣才能改善院里老年人的生活條件。由第四段可知，在比爾·托馬斯采取了一系列措施后，養(yǎng)老院的老人們更快樂了，故答案為A)。

48.【定位】由題干中的 bringing animals and plants into the nursing home定位到第三段第一句。

D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，盡管當(dāng)時(shí)在養(yǎng)老院飼養(yǎng)動(dòng)物是違法的，比爾·托馬斯醫(yī)生還是冒險(xiǎn)一試。由此可見，他將動(dòng)物帶進(jìn)養(yǎng)老院是違法的，故答案為D)。

49.【定位】由題干中的persistently advocating定位到第六段。

C)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位段提到，托馬斯一直在宣揚(yáng)一個(gè)特別的信息：變老并不是一件壞事，故答案為C)。

50.【定位】由題干中的new concept received定位到倒數(shù)第二段第一句。

A)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，托馬斯的方法已經(jīng)被澳大利亞、日本、加拿大和美國(guó)采用，并取得了巨大的成功。由此可見，很多國(guó)家都接受了托馬斯的新觀念，故答案為A)。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Research shows that in developed countries,moreaffluent and educated people tend to consume higher-quality diets—including more fruits and vegetables,fish and whole grains.On the contrary, economically disadvantaged people report diets that are nutrient-poor and energy-dense.They are less likelyto have food-purchasing habits that conform to public health recommendations.

These dietary differences are often accompanied by higher rates of obesity and diabetes among lower income people.Thisrelationship between social class and diet quality and health is extensively documented However,the researchdoes not explain why this is the case—a question that has significant implications for designing    effective policies and initiatives to improve diets and prevent chronic diseases.

Public-health initiatives to promote healthy diets often focus on providing nutrition education and recipes (食譜) .These approaches,however,often presume less food literacy (i.e.food knowledge and skills)among low-income people.Are unhealthy diets really the result of poor choices,limited food skills and knowledge?

Research suggests that adults in food-insccure households are just as likely as those in food-secure households to adjust recipes to make them more healthy.They are also just as proficient in food preparation and    cooking skil.There is no indication that increasing food skill or budgeting skills will reduce food insecurity Instead,disadvantaged groups are constrained by their economic,material and social circumstances.For example,low income is the strongest predictor of food insecurity in Canada,where onein eight households    experiences insufficient access to nutritious foods.

It's well-established that food prices are an important determinant of food choice.Low-income households report that they find it difficultto adopt dietary guidelines because food prices are a barrier to improving their diets.

When researchers estimate the cost of dietspeople actuallyeat,higher-quality diets are typicallymore costly.

While thismaybe so,it does not,in itself,prove thathealthydietsare necessarily more expensive or cost-prohibitive.Afterall,notall socioeconomicallydisadvantaged people consume poor diets.

We can easily think of a number of foods and recipes that are both inexpensive and nutritious.The internet is full of recipes for“eating well on a budget.”

51.What can we learn from research on diets in developed countries?

A)Dietary recommendations are not fit for underprivileged people.

B)Pcople from different social groups vary in their dietary habits.

C)People's choice of food depends on their individual taste.

D)Thereisno consensus on what high-qualitydiets are.

52.What does the authorsay is important in formulating policies to improve diets and health?

A)Abetter understanding of the relationship between social class and health.

B)A greater emphasis on studying the cause of obesity and chronic diseases.

C)Prioritizing the provision of better nutrition for lower classes.

D)Designing education programs and initiatives on public health.

53.What does research reveal about adults in food-insecure houscholds?

A)Their eatinghabits need to be changed.

B)Their food literacy has been improving.

C)They do not pay much attention to their food recipes.

D)They do not lack foodknowledge or budgeting skills.

54.What would help improve food security among the disadvantaged groups in Canada? 

A)Teaching them budgeting skills.

B)Increasing their food choices.

C)Enabling them to have more access to nutritious foods.

D)Taking more effective measures to increase food supplies.

55.What docs the author suggest disadvantaged people do to improve their health?

A)Adopt a positive attitude towardsdietary guidelines.

B)Choose diets that are both healthy and affordable.

C)Make sureto purchase healthy foodson the internet.

D)Change their eating habits and consumption patterns.

答案解析

51.【定位】由題干中的research on diets in developed countries定位到首段第一、二句。

B)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句指出，研究表明，在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，更富裕和受教育程度更高的人傾向于消費(fèi)更高質(zhì)量的飲食，包括更多的水果和蔬菜、魚和全谷物；相反，經(jīng)濟(jì)困難的人飲食低營(yíng)養(yǎng)、高能量。由此可見，在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，不同社會(huì)群體的人飲食習(xí)慣不相同，故答案為B)。

52.【定位】由題干中的important和formulating policies toimprove dietsand health定位到第二段第二、三句。

A)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句提到，有充分的文獻(xiàn)證明社會(huì)階層與飲食質(zhì)量和健康之間的關(guān)系；然而，這項(xiàng)研究并沒有解釋為什么會(huì)出現(xiàn)這種情況——這個(gè)問題對(duì)于設(shè)計(jì)有效的、用來(lái)改善飲食和預(yù)防慢性疾病的政策和計(jì)劃具有重要意義。由此可知，在制定改善飲食和健康的政策時(shí)，更好地理解社會(huì)階 層與健康之間的關(guān)系很重要，故答案為A)。

53.【定位】由題干中的research和adults in food-insecure households定位到第四段第一、二句。

D)【精析】細(xì)節(jié)辨認(rèn)題。定位句指出，研究表明，生活在食物不足的家庭中的成年人和生活在食物充足 的家庭的成年人一樣，有可能調(diào)整食譜，使自己更健康。他們也同樣精通食物準(zhǔn)備和烹飪技巧。由此可知，生活在食物不足家庭的成年人也具備食物 知識(shí)或預(yù)算技巧，故答案為D)。

54.【定位】由題干中的improve food security among thedisadvantaged groups in Canada定位到第五段最后一句。

C)【精析】推理判斷題。定位句提到，在加拿大，低收入最有可能預(yù)示著食物不足的情況，八分之一的家庭無(wú)法獲得有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物。由此可見，促使加拿大弱勢(shì)群體食物充足的有效措施是使他們有更多機(jī)會(huì)獲得有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食品，故答案為C)。

55.【定位】由題干中的 disadvantaged和improve their health定位到最后兩段。

B)【精析】推理判斷題。定位段指出，研究并不能證明健康飲食一定更貴或成本高昂；我們可以很容易地想到許多既便宜又有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物和食譜；互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上到處都是“省錢吃得好”的食譜。由此可推斷，弱勢(shì)群體可以選擇便宜且有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的食物和食譜，故答 案為B)。