An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction — indeed, contradiction — which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law. It is not simply to raise everyone's job prospects that all children are legally required to attend school into their teens. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age. It was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education. With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is fit to be educated. Computer-education advocates forsake this optimistic notion for a pessimism that betrays their otherwise cheery outlook. Banking on the confusion between educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often emphasize the job prospects of graduates over their educational achievement.
There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools introduce the concept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are properly equipped for the professions they want to join. It is, however, presumptuous to insist that there will only be so many jobs for so many scientists, so many businessmen, so many accountants. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
But, for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not of course, the basics of using any computer these days are very simple. It does not take a lifelong acquaintance to pick up various software programs. If one wanted to become a computer engineer, that is, of course, an entirely different story. Basic computer skills take — at the very longest — a couple of months to learn. In any case, basic computer skills are only complementary to the host of real skills that are necessary to becoming any kind of professional. It should be observed, of course, that no school, vocational or not, is helped by a confusion over its purpose.
1.The author thinks the present rush to put computers in the classroom is_______.
A.far-reaching B.dubiously oriented
C.self-contradictory D.radically reformatory
2.The belief that education is indispensable to all children_______.
A.is indicative of a pessimism in disguise
B.came into being along with the arrival of computers
C.is deeply rooted in the minds of computer-education advocates
D.originated from the optimistic attitude of industrialized countries
3.It could be inferred from the passage that in the author's country the European model of professional training is_______.
A.dependent upon the starting age of candidates
B.worth trying in various social sections
C.of little practical value
D.attractive to every kind of professional
4.According to the author, basic computer skills should be_______.
A.included as an auxiliary course in school
B.highlighted in acquisition of professional qualifications
C.mastered through a lifelong course
D.equally emphasized by any school, vocational or otherwise
5.Which kind of occupation is excluded by basic education?
A.Scientists. B.Businessman. C.Accountant. D.Engineer.
長難例句分析
[長難例句]Very few writers on the subject have explored this distinction — indeed, contradiction— which goes to the heart of what is wrong with the campaign to put computers in the classroom.
[結(jié)構(gòu)分析]本句中,主干是very few writers have explored this distinction。which引導了一個定語從句。在這個定語從句中,what引導的名詞性從句作介詞of的賓語。
[參考譯文]但很少有人撰稿指明這一區(qū)別——或者更準確地說是矛盾,但是這一問題剛好是主張計算機課堂教學這一運動的癥結(jié)所在。
全文參考譯文
對于計算機課堂教學的看法存在著一條無形的界限:一部分人說此舉能增加學生的就業(yè)前景,另一部分則希望此舉達到從本質(zhì)上改革教育的目的。但很少有人撰稿指明這一區(qū)別——或者更準確地說是矛盾,但是這一問題剛好是主張計算機課堂教學這一運動的癥結(jié)所在。
以使學生獲得某種工作為目的的教育,是職業(yè)教育。設立這種教育的目的和法律規(guī)定的人人都要受教育的目的相比截然不同。法律要求所有孩子在二十幾歲前接受教育的目的并不只是簡單地為了增加他們的就業(yè)希望。但是,我們對一個美國公民的素質(zhì)有一種固定的理解,認為如果他不能充分地評價外在因素對其生活和幸福的作用,那他的性格是有缺陷的。但是,情況并不總是這樣,在法律規(guī)定所有孩子必須在校學習到某個年齡之前,人們普遍認為有些孩子本性上是不適合接受這種教育的。伴著樂觀主義的觀念深入到所有工業(yè)化國家,人們開始接受每個人都適合受教育的觀念。但主張計算機教育的人放棄了這種樂觀主義認識,取而代之的是一種悲觀的態(tài)度,這種態(tài)度偏離了他們本來應含有的樂觀的觀念。一方面是主張為普通教育而設立計算機課堂教學,另一方面則是主張以職業(yè)為目的,因為對以上兩種目的的含混不清,計算機教育倡導者往往只側(cè)重計算機對就業(yè)前景的影響而忽視其教育成就。
對適合的學生進行職業(yè)教育也有一些不錯的論據(jù)。為了確保孩子們具備欲從事的職業(yè)所需要的技能,許多歐洲學校很早就引進了職業(yè)教育這一理念。情況是如此,但如果因而就堅持認為只有這么多的工作在等著同樣多的科學家、商人和會計師來做,就未免太自以為是了。況且,職業(yè)教育也不可能培養(yǎng)出像我們這樣一個經(jīng)濟發(fā)展遍及許多地區(qū),與此同時亦有很多跨國公司的大國中的每一種行業(yè)所需要的足夠多的專業(yè)人才。
但是,相對于為數(shù)不多的學生來說,職業(yè)培訓可能是最好的方法,因為如果其他因素一樣,熟練的技能而不是課程是他們最終是否能找到工作的關鍵性因素。當然,現(xiàn)階段我們所使用的任何計算機的基本技能都很簡單,學會使用各種軟件不用花費畢生的時間。當然,如果你想成為計算機工程師。那又完全是另一回事。掌握計算基本技能最多只需要一兩個月。無論如何,計算機基本技能只能是要成為任何一種專業(yè)人才所必需的各種職業(yè)技能的填充。當然,必須清楚,無論是普通學校還是職業(yè)學校,認清其目的,都會從中獲益。
題目答案與解析
1.作者認為,現(xiàn)在急著將計算機引入課堂的做法________。
A.意義深遠 B.目的可疑 C.自相矛盾 D.具有徹底的革命性
【答案】B
【解析】從文章第一段的內(nèi)容可知,有關計算機在課堂上的應用存在一條無形的界線——有人爭論說,在課堂上應用計算機是出于對學生就業(yè)前途的考慮;另一些人則爭論說,在課堂上應用計算機更為明顯的原因是出于實行徹底的教育改革的考慮;從第二段的內(nèi)容可知,工業(yè)化國家的樂觀主義特性使我們開始接受這樣的觀念——每個人都適合接受教育;計算機教育的倡導者為了悲觀主義觀念而放棄了這種樂觀的觀念;由于對計算機被引進學校是出于教育目的還是職業(yè)目的的含混不清,計算機教育倡導者常常強調(diào)畢業(yè)生的工作前景而不是他們在教育方面的成就;從文章第三段的內(nèi)容可知,對適合的學生進行技術(shù)教育有一些恰當?shù)睦碛?;不過,堅持認為只有那么多的工作給予那么多的科學家、商人和會計就太自以為是了;從文章最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,對于少部分學生來說,專業(yè)培訓可能是可行的方法;目前使用任何計算機的基本要素都非常簡單,不用花一生的時間去學會各種各樣的軟件程序;無論如何,計算機基本技能只不過是對許多真正技能的一種補充;我們應當看到,如果混淆了學校的目的,任何學校,無論是不是職業(yè)學校,都不會有好結(jié)果。據(jù)此可知,作者認為將計算機引入課堂到底出于什么目的還不得而知,這種做法令人迷惑不解。B項與文章的意思相符,因此為正確答案。
2.這種“對所有孩子來說,教育是不可缺少的”的觀點________。
A.表明了偽裝下的悲觀主義 B.隨著計算機的到來而產(chǎn)生
C.深深扎根于計算機教育倡導者的思想中 D.起源于工業(yè)化國家的樂觀態(tài)度
【答案】D
【解析】本題可參照文章的第二段。從中可知,旨在幫助學生找到某種工作的教育是技術(shù)教育,這種教育被證明是正確的,其原因與法律為什么要求普及教育的原因完全不同;法律要求,所有的孩子必須上學到十幾歲,這并不只是為了增加每個人的就業(yè)希望;相反,我們對美國國民的認識是:如果他們不能適當?shù)卦u估他們的生計與幸福如何受超出其能力范圍的事物的影響,那么他們就不完美;但是,情況并非總是這樣;在法律規(guī)定所有的孩子必須上學到一定的年齡之前,人們普遍認為——有些孩子生來就不適合追求這種教育;工業(yè)化國家的樂觀主義特性使我們開始接受這樣的觀念——每個人都適合接受教育;計算機教育的倡導者為了悲觀主義觀念而放棄了這種樂觀的觀念——這種悲觀主義的觀念背離了他們其他方面的樂觀觀念。據(jù)此可知,“對所有孩子來說,教育是不可缺少的”這種觀點是受工業(yè)化國家樂觀主義特性的影響。D項與文意相符,因此為正確答案。
3.從本篇文章可以推知,在作者所在的國家,專業(yè)培訓的歐洲模式________。
A.取決于投考者開始接受培訓的年齡 B.值得在社會各階層嘗試
C.幾乎沒有實用價值 D.對各種專業(yè)人員來說都有吸引力
【答案】C
【解析】本題可參照文章的第三段。從中可知,為了保證學生真正為從事他們希望的職業(yè)做好準備,許多歐洲學校很早以前就提出了專業(yè)培訓的觀念;不過,堅持認為只有那么多的工作給予那么多的科學家、商人和會計就太自以為是了;況且,在一個像我們這樣地域廣闊、經(jīng)濟發(fā)展遍及如此多的國家、涉及如此多的跨國公司的國家里,不可能培養(yǎng)出所需的各種專業(yè)人才。據(jù)此可知,作者認為,歐洲的專業(yè)培訓模式在美國沒有實用價值。C項與文中的意思相符,因此為正確答案。
4.依照作者的觀點,基本的計算機技能應________。
A.被看成是學校的一門輔助課程
B.在獲得專業(yè)素質(zhì)的過程中得到強化
C.花畢生的時間掌握
D.受到任何學校的同等強調(diào),無論是職業(yè)學校還是其他學校
【答案】A
【解析】本題可參照文章的第四段。從中可知,無論如何,計算機基本技能只不過是對許多真正技能的一種補充,而那些真正技能是成為任何一類專業(yè)人員所必需的;當然,我們應當看到,如果混淆了學校的目的,任何學校,無論是不是職業(yè)學校,都不會有好結(jié)果。據(jù)此可知,作者認為基本的計算機技能只能是人們所需真正技能的一種補充。A項與文中的意思相符,因此為正確答案。
5.下面的什么職業(yè)不屬于基礎教育?
A.科學家?!.商人?!.會計師?!.工程師。
【答案】D
【解析】第三段的后半部分講述了人們的誤解,但是也暗示了基礎教育和職業(yè)教育在職業(yè)方面的分類。