英語四級(jí)基礎(chǔ)閱讀訓(xùn)練 Text 28

Text 28

The United States is often considered a young nation, but in fact it is next to the oldest continuous government in the world, and the reason is that its people have always been willing to accommodate themselves to change. It should be realized, however, that sharing benefits of our achievements was the result of trial and error. Unprincipled businessmen had first to be restrained by government before they came to learn that they must serve the general good in pursuing their economic interests. Thus, although early statesmen strongly believed in private enterprise, they chose to make the post office a government monopoly and to give the schools to public ownership. Since then, government has broadened its activities in many ways including preventing monopolies from taking over the economy.

Increased growth by acquisition by our largest corporations has resulted in a situation where virtually independent economic giants will dominate the American economy. Growth of these vast corporate structures, even though accompanied by an increase in the number of much smaller and less powerful companies that operate under their control, foretells the creation of monopoly — like structures throughout American business. In general, the major acquisitions by the sample companies were corporate organizations that were profitable and successful before acquisition. The main effect of the merger or acquisition was to transfer control and management of an already successful enterprise to a new group. Profitability ratios indicate that, in most instances, the acquired companies operated less efficiently after acquisition.

Americans hold with Lincoln that "the legitimate object of government is to do for a community of people whatever they need to have done but cannot do at all, or cannot do so well for themselves, in their separate and individual capacities." Clearly, merger restriction is one example of legitimate government intervention.

1.It is implied that the main quality of the United States stressed is its_______.

A.youth　　B.shared wealth　　C.trial and error　　D.flexibility

2.The term "general good" (Line 5, Para. 1) refers to_______.

A.efficient practices　　　　B.ethical practices

C.common well-being　　　D.profitable decisions

3.The creation of U.S. post office monopoly is cited as an example of a_______.

A.replacement of the existing economic order　　B.restraint of unprincipled businessmen

C.flexible view of government　　　　　　　　D.system of shared profits

4.From the passage we learn that when mergers occurred, the added companies had_______.

A.low profitability ratios　　B.management difficulties

C.poor productivity　　　　D.achieved success

5.The author's view of mergers is_______.

A.critical　　B.cautious　　C.qualified　　D.favorable

長(zhǎng)難例句分析

［長(zhǎng)難例句］Increased growth by acquisition by our largest corporation has resulted in a situation where virtually independent economic giants will dominate the American economy.

［結(jié)構(gòu)分析］本句中，主干是Increased growth... has resulted in a situation...。situation后面的where引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。兩個(gè)by中，第一個(gè)by表示方式，第二個(gè)by表示施動(dòng)者。

［參考答案］通過收購，我們的最大型企業(yè)獲得繼續(xù)發(fā)展，這將導(dǎo)致這個(gè)獨(dú)立的經(jīng)濟(jì)巨頭支配美國經(jīng)濟(jì)。

［長(zhǎng)難例句］Growth of these vast corporate structures，even though accompanied by an increase in the number of much smaller and less powerful companies that operate under their control，foretells the creation of monopoly-like structures throughout American business.

［結(jié)構(gòu)分析］本句中，主干是Growth...foretells the creation...。even though引導(dǎo)的狀語作插入語，that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾companies。their指代these vast corporate structures。

［參考答案］盡管與此同時(shí)規(guī)模小得多、實(shí)力弱得多、在其控制下運(yùn)作的公司數(shù)量也在增長(zhǎng)，但是這些龐大企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展預(yù)示了美國商業(yè)界類似壟斷的結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)產(chǎn)生。

全文參考譯文

美國常常被認(rèn)為是一個(gè)年輕的國度，但實(shí)際上，它差不多是世界上執(zhí)政時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的政府，原因是美國人民總是愿意適應(yīng)變化。然而，應(yīng)意識(shí)到，共享我們成就所帶來的好處是反復(fù)嘗試和失敗的結(jié)果。不守規(guī)矩的商人必須首先由政府加以約束才能逐漸認(rèn)識(shí)到，在追求經(jīng)濟(jì)利益的同時(shí)，自己必須服務(wù)于公益。所以雖然早期政治家堅(jiān)定地認(rèn)為企業(yè)應(yīng)該私有，但他們情愿讓郵政為政府壟斷，使學(xué)校為公共所有。自此以后，政府在諸多方面擴(kuò)展了活動(dòng)范圍，包括防止壟斷控制經(jīng)濟(jì)。

通過收購，我們的最大型企業(yè)獲得繼續(xù)發(fā)展。這將導(dǎo)致這個(gè)獨(dú)立的經(jīng)濟(jì)巨頭支配美國經(jīng)濟(jì)。盡管與此同時(shí)規(guī)模小得多、實(shí)力弱得多、在其控制下運(yùn)作的公司數(shù)量也在增長(zhǎng)，但是這些龐大企業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展預(yù)示了美國商業(yè)界類似壟斷的結(jié)構(gòu)會(huì)產(chǎn)生。通常來說，典范公司主要收購之前贏利的成功企業(yè)組織。合并或收購的主要影響在于，將一個(gè)業(yè)已成功企業(yè)的調(diào)控和管理轉(zhuǎn)移到一個(gè)新的集團(tuán)。贏利率表明，在多數(shù)情況下，被收購的公司在收購后運(yùn)作效率降低。

美國人贊成林肯的觀點(diǎn)：“政府的合理目標(biāo)是：為社會(huì)民眾去做他們需要做到的、但以各自或個(gè)人之能力不能做到或者不能做好的事情?！焙苊黠@，限制合并是政府合理干預(yù)的一個(gè)例證。

題目答案與解析

1.文中暗示，美國所強(qiáng)調(diào)的主要特征是它的_________。

A.年輕　　B.財(cái)富共享　　C.反復(fù)試驗(yàn)　　D.靈活變通

【答案】D

【解析】從文章的首句可知，美國政府之所以幾乎是世界上執(zhí)政時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的政府，其原因在于美國人民總是愿意適應(yīng)變化，據(jù)此可推知，D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.詞語“general good”（第一段第五行）指的是_________。

A.有效的實(shí)踐　　B.道德的實(shí)踐　　C.公共福利　　D.有利的決定

【答案】C

【解析】本題的依據(jù)是原文的They must serve the general good in pursuing their economic interests，根據(jù)后續(xù)提示可知， general good的詞義一定與their economic interests相反。因此C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3.引用美國郵政壟斷這個(gè)例子是用來說明_________。

A.現(xiàn)有經(jīng)濟(jì)制序的替代　　B.對(duì)不守規(guī)矩商人的約束　　C.政府靈活的政策　　D.共享利潤(rùn)制度

【答案】C

【解析】本題考查邏輯關(guān)系?？梢酝ㄟ^關(guān)聯(lián)詞語判定，該例前有thus，說明是承接上文。上文講的是美國樂于適應(yīng)變化。據(jù)此推斷，舉出該例是為了說明政府自由的觀念。因此C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

4.從文中我們了解到，公司之間進(jìn)行合并時(shí)，新加入的公司_________。

A.利潤(rùn)低　　B.管理困難　　C.生產(chǎn)力低下　　D.已獲得成功

【答案】D

【解析】本題的依據(jù)是原文的In general，the major acquisitions by the sample companies were corporate organizations that were profitable and successful before acquisition，從中可知，被合并的公司在收購前是成功運(yùn)作的。

5.作者對(duì)合并所持的觀點(diǎn)是_________。

A.批評(píng)的　　B.謹(jǐn)慎的　　C.有資格的　　D.贊成的

【答案】A

【解析】從本文的第二段可知，作者先后指出，最大型企業(yè)的收購帶來的最終結(jié)果是經(jīng)濟(jì)巨頭統(tǒng)治美國經(jīng)濟(jì)，而且收購后的公司運(yùn)作效率不如以前，可見作者對(duì)合并持批判態(tài)度。因此A項(xiàng)為正確答案。