英語(yǔ)四級(jí)基礎(chǔ)閱讀訓(xùn)練 Text 18

Text 18

Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used. If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play it until their hands were burnt away. Similarly, if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again, because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before. A really fearless soldier — and some do exist — is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army. Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.

In our first sentence we suggested that fear ought to be properly used. If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much. Even in your house you are not absolutely safe: an airplane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away some of the beams in your roof so that the latter falls on you, or you may get cancer!

The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide. Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take. In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger. For example, you see a car coming straight towards you; fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well.

In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger. For example, you cannot prevent an airplane crashing onto your house. In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it.

1.Children would play with fire until their hands were burnt away if_______.

A.they were given no warning beforehand　　B.they had never burnt themselves

C.they had no sense of pain　　　　　　　D.they were fearful of the fire

2.A really fearless soldier_______.

A.is of little use to the army　　B.is without equal

C.is nothing but a dead soldier　D.easily gets killed in a battle

3.Fear should be used properly because_______.

A.an airplane may crash on your house

B.you may get cancer

C.fear can only be used as a servant and guide

D.men are now letting fear rule them too much

4.People sometimes succeed in timely avoiding danger because_______.

A.they have gained experience

B.they jump out of the way in time

C.they are calm in face of danger

D.they are warned of the danger and can take quick action

5.Implied but not stated in this passage:_______.

A.Fear is always something helpful　　　　　　B.Too much fear is harmful

C.Fear ought to be used as a servant and guide　D.Fear is something unprofitable

長(zhǎng)難例句分析

［長(zhǎng)難例句］Similarly, if pain existed but fear did not, a child would burn itself again and again, because fear would not warn it to keep away from the fire that had burnt it before.

［結(jié)構(gòu)分析］本句中，主干是if pain..., a child... burn..., because...。a child...是主句，if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)，because引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語(yǔ)，

［參考譯文］如果只有疼痛而沒有恐懼，一個(gè)孩子會(huì)一次又一次的用火燒自己，因?yàn)榭謶植粫?huì)警告他遠(yuǎn)離曾經(jīng)燒到他自己的火。

［長(zhǎng)難例句］Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out.

［結(jié)構(gòu)分析］本句中，主干是Fear and pain are therefore two guards，其中fear和pain是并列主語(yǔ)。without在從句中和which連在一起作條件狀語(yǔ)，which引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句是用來修飾two guards。

［參考譯文］所以恐懼和疼痛是兩位保鏢，人類和動(dòng)物沒有它們會(huì)很快滅亡。

［長(zhǎng)難例句］If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much.

［結(jié)構(gòu)分析］本句中，主干是If you... because of..., you...。其中if引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)，because of...是if從句中的原因狀語(yǔ)，并不修飾句子的主句you...。

［參考譯文］若因?yàn)楹ε卤卉囎驳?，橫尸街頭，你就從不走出家門，那么你受到了恐懼過分的束縛。

全文參考譯文

如果恐懼和與之相伴的痛苦得到恰當(dāng)?shù)氖褂茫鼈兪侨祟惡蛣?dòng)物所擁有的最有用的兩樣?xùn)|西。如果孩子們沒有疼痛感，他們會(huì)玩火直到燒掉雙手。相同的道理，如果只有痛苦而沒有恐懼，一個(gè)孩子會(huì)一次又一次地用火燒自己，因?yàn)榭謶植粫?huì)警告他遠(yuǎn)離曾經(jīng)燒到他自己的火。一個(gè)真正無畏的士兵——的確存在一些這樣的人——不是一個(gè)好士兵，因?yàn)樗芸炀蜁?huì)被殺死；而且一個(gè)死掉的士兵對(duì)他的軍隊(duì)沒有任何用處。所以恐懼和痛苦是兩位保鏢，人類和動(dòng)物沒有它們會(huì)很快滅亡。

在第一句話當(dāng)中我們建議恐懼應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)玫角‘?dāng)?shù)氖褂?。例如，若因?yàn)楹ε卤卉囎驳?，橫尸街頭，你就從不走出家門，那么就受到了恐懼過分的束縛。即便在家中你也不是完全安全的：一架飛機(jī)可能會(huì)撞到你的房子，或者螞蟻吃光了你家房頂大梁的某一部分，結(jié)果木頭掉下來砸到你身上，或者你有可能得癌癥！

重要的是不要讓你被恐懼所控制，而是要把恐懼當(dāng)做你的仆人和向?qū)眈{馭。恐懼會(huì)警告你危險(xiǎn)，接下來你必須決定采取何種行動(dòng)。你在多數(shù)情況下能夠采取快速而又成功的行動(dòng)避免危險(xiǎn)發(fā)生。比如，你看到一輛車向你直接開過來：恐懼警告你，你跳開了，則一切平安無事。

但有時(shí)你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，對(duì)于危險(xiǎn)你避免不了，無能為力。比如，你無法防止一架飛機(jī)撞上你家的房子。在這種情況下，恐懼已經(jīng)向你發(fā)出警告，你對(duì)此考慮后決定你要采取的一系列行動(dòng)，所以這種特別的危險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)生的恐懼不再對(duì)你有任何用處，你必須盡力克服它。

題目答案與解析

1.假如_________，孩子們會(huì)玩火一直到燒掉雙手。

A.他們沒有事先得到警告　B.他們永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)燒到自己

C.他們沒有疼痛感　　　　D.他們怕火

【答案】C

【解析】本題的依據(jù)是文章第一段的第二句話If fire did not hurt when it burnt...。從中可知C項(xiàng)為正確答案。

2.一個(gè)真正勇敢無畏的士兵_________。

A.對(duì)軍隊(duì)沒什么用　　　　　B.是無敵的

C.僅僅是一個(gè)死士兵而已　　D.在戰(zhàn)斗中很容易被打死

【答案】D

【解析】本題的依據(jù)是文章第一段的倒數(shù)第二句話A really fearless soldier... is not a good soldier because he is soon killed，從中可知D項(xiàng)為正確答案。A項(xiàng)似乎很有道理，但只要與第一段倒數(shù)第二句的后半部分仔細(xì)比較一下就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，A項(xiàng)的主語(yǔ)是A really fearless soldier，而原句后半部分的主語(yǔ)是a dead soldier，所以不能選擇A項(xiàng)。

3.應(yīng)該合理利用恐懼，因?yàn)開________。

A.飛機(jī)可能在你的房子上墜毀　　　B.你可能會(huì)得癌癥

C.恐懼只能用來作為仆人和向?qū)А　.人類正在被恐懼緊緊束縛

【答案】C

【解析】本題的依據(jù)是文章第三段的第一句The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide。從中可知C項(xiàng)是正確答案。

4.有時(shí)人們能夠成功逃脫危險(xiǎn)，原因是_________。

A.他們獲得了經(jīng)驗(yàn)　　　　　　B.他們跳離了道路

C.他們?cè)谖ｋU(xiǎn)面前保持平靜　　D.他們得到了危險(xiǎn)警告并迅速反應(yīng)

【答案】D

【解析】本題可參照第四段。從中可知D項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5.本文中隱含但沒有陳述的意思是_________。

A.恐懼總是有幫助的　　　　　　　　B.太多的恐懼有害

C.恐懼應(yīng)該被用來作為奴仆和向?qū)А　.恐懼是沒用的東西

【答案】B

【解析】綜觀全文，只有B項(xiàng)是文章隱含的意思，為本題正確答案。A項(xiàng)中有always這個(gè)副詞，使該項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的意思走向極端，與原文的“如果能正確對(duì)待恐懼的話”意思不符。C項(xiàng)是文章直接表達(dá)的思想，而不是隱含的意思。D項(xiàng)與文章的中心思想相反。