英語四級閱讀關(guān)鍵句：204. By contrast, the risk of death

204. By contrast, the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.

譯文

與此相反，30到59歲之間的司機(jī)在載有乘客時(shí)出車禍的幾率隨著乘客的增多而減小。

點(diǎn)睛

本句的主干是the risk of death decreases。between 30 and 59修飾drivers；with引導(dǎo)伴隨狀語。

by contrast意為“相反”，相當(dāng)于in contrast。如：

The coastal areas have mild winters, but by contrast the central plains become extremely cold. 沿海地區(qū)的冬天天氣暖和，而與此相反，中部平原卻會異常寒冷。

考點(diǎn)歸納

by contrast與in contrast含義相同，都表示“相反，大不相同”。與此含義相同的短語或者詞匯還有on the contrary, conversely和oppositely，它們的區(qū)別在于：

by contrast與in contrast都只強(qiáng)調(diào)所比較的事物是不同的。如：

But, in contrast, it is only in modern times that Galileo has become a problem child for historians of science. 但是相比之下，對于科學(xué)史學(xué)家來說，伽利略唯有在現(xiàn)代才被看做是問題小孩。

on the contrary多用于觀點(diǎn)或想法，暗示有很多不同方面的選擇。如：

He is not poor, on the contrary, he is a millionaire. 他不窮，相反，他是個(gè)百萬富翁。

conversely暗示所比較的兩者截然相反。如：

Describe your greatest accomplishment and why it is important to you and conversely, your greatest disappointment and what you learned from that experience. 描寫你最大的成就，并說明對你而言它為何重要，還要描寫與此相反的你最大的失敗經(jīng)歷以及從中得到的教訓(xùn)。

oppositely暗示所比較的兩者之間矛盾突出而尖銳。如：

My plan for career is not single, oppositely, I tend to expand my work into diversification. 我的職業(yè)規(guī)劃不是單一的，相反，我傾向于在不同的領(lǐng)域中開拓事業(yè)。