Exercise:
We live in a time when, more than ever before in history, people are moving about.
Evening had now come, the last of Adolf Hitler’s life.
Several neighbors hope to find safety in the only bomb shelter on their street when an announcement comes over the radio that enemy missiles are approaching.
要點分析和參考譯文
要點：定語從句“people are moving about”被比較狀語“more than ever before in history”分隔。此現(xiàn)象為“分隔定語”
參考譯文：我們生活在一個四處奔波甚于歷史上任何時期得時代。
要點：the last of Adolf Hitler’s life 作為evening得同位語，因為比較長而放在了句子后面，使句子平衡。
參考譯文：夜晚已經(jīng)來臨，這是阿道夫希特勒生命中最后的一個夜晚。
要點：when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的主語 an announcement后帶有一個that 引導(dǎo)的同位語從句(that enemy missiles are approaching)，說明其內(nèi)容，因為謂語部 分太短，所以將同位語從句置于其后，以保持句子平衡。
參考譯文：當(dāng)廣播里傳出敵方導(dǎo)彈正在接近，幾個鄰居都希望在街道的唯一的一個防空洞中尋求完全。
Exercise
I plan to see her soon in England, though not, she reminded me, again at 10 Downing Street.
The cessation of the employment of extraordinary means to prolong the life of the body when there is irrefutable evidence that biological death is imminent1 is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family.
With rock,illusion of shared feelings, bodily contact and grunted formulas, which are supposed to contain so much meaning beyond the speech, are the basis of association.
要點：讓步狀語though not again at 10 Downing Street 被插入語she reminded me所分隔。而且該讓步狀語是一個省略的結(jié)構(gòu)，全句應(yīng)為though(it will) not(be)again at 10 Downing Street. 還應(yīng)看出讓步狀語所轉(zhuǎn)達的意思正是插入語的賓語所要轉(zhuǎn)達的意思。 she reminded me (it will not be again at 10 Downing Street)。省略和插入的使用使全句的意思得以很好地銜接連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，無多余的成分。
參考譯文：我打算不久和她在英國見面，不過她提醒我地點不再是唐寧街十號了。
要點：此句話的主謂被很長一段定語成分所分隔，句子主干應(yīng)是“The cessation...is the decision of the patient and/or her immediate family”，由于主干中的is前沒有逗號分開，而且前面又出現(xiàn)了一個is imminent，還由于同主語The cessation拉開的距離太遠，所以不容易很快找到。When前面的部分如果不注意很容易錯誤地理解為一個句子，即“The cessation...means to prolong the life of body。”實際上means是個名詞，意為“方法，手段”，不是動詞“意味著”。而且means前面有個形容詞extraordinary作定語，不可能是動詞，盡管意思上說得通。when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句里帶了一個定語從句that biological death is imminent，它們一起插入了主語和謂語之間。把means錯當(dāng)動詞和狀語帶定語的插入使得整句的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜化了，致使主干句的主謂不容易看出來。
參考譯文：在有不可反駁的證據(jù)表明病人即將進入生理死亡時，停止采取非常措施來延長其生命應(yīng)該由病人和(或)其直系親屬來作出決定。
要點：主干結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)是illusions...,...contact and ... formulas are the basis of association,但實際上這個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)被一個長定語 which are supposed ...beyond the speech 所分隔。定語 which are supposed to contain so much meaning beyond the speech 所限定的詞應(yīng)該是illusions...contact and ... formulas 三個部分，而不是某一個詞。
參考譯文：有搖滾樂的伴隨、共同情感的幻覺、身體的接觸及慣用的嘟囔話語---這一切包含著許多語言之外的意義，構(gòu)成了人們相互交往的基礎(chǔ)。
Exercise
But the invalid(病弱的人) who, forgetful of self, takes a strenuous(熱烈的) and indestructible(頑強的) interest in everything and everybody, as she did, and to whom a dull moment is an unknown thing, is a formidable(難對付的) adversary6(敵手) for disease.
Although her characters were portrayed in many settings and situations, they all reflected, by the often tragic outcome of their lives, her profound conviction that no human could be happy if that happiness was rooted in the wretchedness of another.
The described dichotomy is clearly part of a much wider one:civilization fall apart yet theircomponent societies live on; societies disintegrate but their citizens survive; individuals die while their cells, perversely, still metabolize; finally, cells can be disrupted yet theenzymes they release may, for a while, remain active.(看上去很長，其實結(jié)構(gòu)要比前面兩句簡單些哦)
要點：此句由于表達的意思層次多，含義覆蓋面大，因此結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，但仍能找出主干結(jié)構(gòu)。句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是：the invalid...is a formidable adversary for disease,其余的部分都是修飾成分。 forgetful of self 是一個插入成分，把定語從句who takes a strenuous and indestructible interest in everything and everybody 的主語和謂語部分分隔開來。as she did也是一個插入成分，其作用同forgetful of self一樣，對整個定語從句做修飾。"and to whom a dull moment is an unknown thing"是一個定語從句，它同who takes...everything and everybody是平行結(jié)構(gòu)，其作用也是限定the invalid，因此the invalid一共帶了兩個定語從句，兩個插入語，形成較為復(fù)雜的句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
譯文：但是一個身體有病的體弱的人，只要忘掉自己，像她那樣對一切事物和所有的人都有熱烈而頑強的興趣，并且一生不知愁怨為何物，那么對于病魔他就是勁敵。
要點：這是一個主從復(fù)合句。reflected的賓語是her profound conviction.that no human could be ... of another是 conviction的同位語從句。該從句也是一個主從復(fù)合句。by the often tragic outcome of their lives是狀語，說明reflected。by在此處的意思是by means of。 often是副詞，修飾形容詞tragic。由于reflected的賓語過場，所以把by短語插在reflected和它的賓語之間，結(jié)果使reflected和它的賓語被分隔。
譯文：如果幸福是建立在另一個人的痛苦之上，那就沒有人會有幸福，她的這種深切信念全都反映在一些人生結(jié)局通常都很悲慘的人物身上，雖然她筆下的人物出現(xiàn)在多種多樣的背景和情節(jié)當(dāng)中。
要點：在本句中，冒號后面的四個分句是并列的分句，用來說明冒號前面的主句的意思。
譯文：上面所描述的對死亡的二分法顯然不過是一個范圍更大的二分法的一部分而已：整個文明社會崩潰了，而其組成部分還繼續(xù)存在;社會崩潰了，而其中的公民還生存;人死了，而身上的細胞依然倔強地進行新陳代謝;最后，細胞死了，而細胞釋放出的酶還能暫時保持活性。
