英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解之破譯長(zhǎng)難句(10)

　　Remove the pressure for primary care physicians to squeeze in more patients per hour, and reward them for optimally managing their diseases and practicing evidence-based medicine. (09.12 Passage 2)

　　主干：Remove the pressure...and reward them for...

　　1. 本句由and并列連接的兩個(gè)祈使句構(gòu)成。

　　2. 前一個(gè)祈使句中，不定式短語(yǔ)to squeeze...(往每個(gè)小時(shí)的時(shí)間里塞更多的病人)作定語(yǔ)，修飾the pressure，該不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)由for引導(dǎo)。后一個(gè)祈使句中，介詞for...表示原因，后面接了兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)managing...和 practicing...。

　　要解除初級(jí)護(hù)理醫(yī)生在單位時(shí)間內(nèi)多看病人的壓力，并對(duì)那些能很好控制疾病和實(shí)踐循證醫(yī)療的醫(yī)生給予嘉獎(jiǎng)。

　　But economists say families about to go into debt to fund four years of partying, as well as studying, can console themselves with the knowledge that college is an investment that, unlike many bank stocks, should yield huge dividends. (09.6 Passage 2)

　　主干：...economists say (families... can console themselves with...)

　　1. say后面的內(nèi)容都是say的賓語(yǔ)。該賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是families，其后又一個(gè)不定式短語(yǔ)to go...修飾;不定式to fund...作前一個(gè)不定式to go into debt的目的狀語(yǔ);as well as相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列連詞，連接partying和studying。

　　2. knowledge后的that從句作其同位語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明“該知識(shí)”的具體內(nèi)容;an investment后的that引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句，從句的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)被插入成分unlike...隔開(kāi)了。

　　譯文：不過(guò)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家說(shuō)大學(xué)是一項(xiàng)投資，而且和許多銀行股票不同的是，這項(xiàng)投資可以帶來(lái)巨大的紅利，打算舉債來(lái)提供您狂歡和學(xué)習(xí)資金的家庭在知道這一點(diǎn)之后可以有所安慰了。

　　Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth, and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use. (08.12 Passage 1)

　　結(jié)構(gòu)分析

　　主干：Sustainable development is applied to just about everything...and...it has become difficult to question...

　　1. and連接兩個(gè)并列的分句。

　　2. 前一個(gè)分句用了apply...to...句型的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“(人們)把可持續(xù)發(fā)展(的概念)應(yīng)用于幾乎所有的事情上”，to的賓語(yǔ)是everything，后面有一個(gè)from...to...的介詞短語(yǔ)作everything的定語(yǔ)。

　　3. 后一個(gè)分句用“it+系動(dòng)詞+adj.+to do”句型，不定式作主語(yǔ)，it是形式主語(yǔ);動(dòng)詞to question有兩個(gè)由either...or...引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)assumptions和way，way后面還有一個(gè)省略關(guān)系詞的定語(yǔ)從句修飾。

　　譯文：可持續(xù)發(fā)展幾乎被應(yīng)用在所有的事務(wù)上，從能源、潔凈水到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，因此很難對(duì)其背后的基本假定和該歷年的應(yīng)用方式加以質(zhì)疑.

　　We're pushing our kids to get good grades, take SAT preparatory courses and build resumes so they can get into the college of our first choice. (08.6 Passage 2)

　　主干：We're pushing our kids to...(so they can get into...)

　　主句部分的三個(gè)并列的動(dòng)詞不定式(to get..., take... and build...)作賓語(yǔ)our kids的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。so引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明“我們逼迫孩子”做種種事情的目的。

　　譯文：我們逼孩子考高分、參加SAT考前輔導(dǎo)班、寫簡(jiǎn)歷，從而能讓他們進(jìn)入我們首選的學(xué)校。