教你怎樣不看文章直接做題（三）

第三篇：

緊急狀況下的閱讀答題方法

做好閱讀理解題，最理想的步驟是先迅速瀏覽五道題大體了解一下五道題各自提問(wèn)了什么，各選項(xiàng)句是什么意思。然后帶著題干的提問(wèn)略讀全文，以最快的速度掌握所閱讀材料中的主要內(nèi)容和主要觀點(diǎn)，模清五道題各自提問(wèn)的內(nèi)容大體在文章的什么位置，并做些相應(yīng)的記號(hào)。接著開(kāi)始逐個(gè)答題如果哪一題在略讀基礎(chǔ)上不能選出，再到文中相應(yīng)的地方進(jìn)行查讀、細(xì)讀，直至選出正確答案。五題全做完后，最后把五個(gè)選出的答案連起來(lái)看一看，檢查一下是否存在明顯的邏輯不通或相沖突。如果有，及時(shí)訂正;如果沒(méi)有，可以做下一篇文章。 但是，如果考生時(shí)間實(shí)在不夠了而剩下一、兩篇還沒(méi)做，在此緊急狀況下，該如何閱讀答題呢?下面介紹一些臨門(mén)一腳的訣竅。

(一)針對(duì)主旨大意題只讀段首、段尾句。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，一篇文章的中心思想或某一段主題思想往往通過(guò)段首、段尾句表達(dá)出來(lái)?？忌杆僬业搅诉@些主題句，也能答題。

例(1) The author writes this passage to _____ .(1995年6月六級(jí)題30)

A. discuss the negative aspect of being attractive.

B. give advice to job-seekers who are attractive

C. demand equal rights for woman

D. emphasize the importance of appearance

(分析：考生若沒(méi)有時(shí)間看整個(gè)文章，但只要看到第一段最后一句話：But in the executive circle, beauty can become a liability. 第二段第一句話：While attractiveness is a positive factor for a man on his way up the executive ladder, it is harmful to a woman. 考生亦能選出正確答案項(xiàng)A。)

例(2) The main idea of this passage is that _____ .(1991年6月六級(jí)題40)

A. better use of greenspace facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life

B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities.

C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago.

D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities.

(分析：此題主要考某一段的中心意思?？忌嗫吹搅嗽摱蔚谝痪湓挘篏reenspace facilities are contributing to an important extent to the quality of the urban environment. 即使沒(méi)有通讀全段，考生也應(yīng)能選出A項(xiàng)為正確答案。)

(二)若針對(duì)舉例子、引用名人言論、特殊符號(hào)(如冒號(hào)、引號(hào)、破折號(hào))后內(nèi)容出題，考生可只讀例子、名人言話、符號(hào)前后句內(nèi)容，然后符號(hào)題。

例(1) Tish Sommers argues that _____ . (1994上1月六級(jí)題28)

A. older women find it hard to escape poverty.

B. older women usually perform better in their jobs

C. the major cause of the poverty of older women is sexism

D. more people have come to believe in sexism and ageism.

(分析：考生一看到題干，迅速到文章中找到Tish Sommers 的位置，人名開(kāi)頭字母大寫(xiě)，容易找到，且有雙引號(hào)引用了她的原話："When sexism meets ageism, poverty is no longer in the doorstep it moves in"?？忌灰纯葱乱玫脑捈扒昂缶鋬?nèi)容，就能選出正確答案A項(xiàng)。)

例(2) According to Dr. David, Americans _____ . (1993年6月六級(jí)題32)

A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life

B. often neglect the consequences of sleep deficit

C. do not know how to relax themselves properly

D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep.

(分析：考生一看到此人名字，迅速?gòu)恼n文中找到，然后細(xì)讀他所說(shuō)的話:"people cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it,"says Dr. David. "They think they're key because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, eight or even more to feel ideally vigorous."只要理解了這些話，考生應(yīng)能選出B項(xiàng)。)

(三)如果題目只是針對(duì)某一段內(nèi)容而提問(wèn)，考生可只看該段內(nèi)容即可答題，而不必等把文章全看完才做，以防到時(shí)要交卷，而能做出的題因時(shí)間不足而瞎猜。

例(1) In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _____ .(1996年1月六級(jí)題26) (建議：考生看完第一段就做此題，不必看后面內(nèi)容)

例(2) From the third paragraph, we can leard that _____ .(建議：考生只看第三段，然后迅速答題。)

(四)針對(duì)詞匯題，考生可只看詞匯所在句和前后句內(nèi)容即可答題，因?yàn)閷?duì)單詞字義的揣測(cè)，一般只通過(guò)單詞所在句或前后句內(nèi)容就能猜出。

例(1) The word "dubious"(Line. 2)most probably means _____ .(1990年1月六級(jí)題33)

A.valuable B. useful C. doubtful D. helpful

(分析：對(duì)"dubious"一詞詞義的揣測(cè)，可根據(jù)該單詞所在句和其前面一句話即可猜出。Yet you will find little if anything written on what it is to be an employee. You can find a great deal of very dubious advice on how to get a job or how to get a promotion. 從這兩句可猜出dubious是含有貶義、否定語(yǔ)氣的，故選C。)

例(2) The word "hassles" in the passage (Line 4) probably means _____ .(1993年6月六級(jí)題24)

A. agreements B. disadvantages C. worries D. quarrels

(分析：判斷"hassles"意思，可從該詞所在句前后句判斷出。But sharing the family home requires adjustments for all. There are the hassles over bathrooms, telephones and privacy. Some families, however, manage the delicate balancing act. But for others, it proves too difficult. 從前后句意思及介詞over, 考生可猜出"hassles"就是quarrels。)

(五)考生還可根據(jù)我們寫(xiě)的"閱讀理解命題規(guī)律"中"考點(diǎn)常考處"專(zhuān)題專(zhuān)看一些考點(diǎn)?？继?轉(zhuǎn)處、例舉處、范例處、段首段尾處、特殊符號(hào)處)的內(nèi)容，然后答題。如果根本就沒(méi)時(shí)間看短文，可根據(jù)我們上面寫(xiě)的兩個(gè)專(zhuān)題只看題目和各選項(xiàng)進(jìn)行符號(hào)題。如果后面還有主觀題沒(méi)做(如作文、簡(jiǎn)答)，建議考生沒(méi)有做完的閱讀理解題不要做了，趕緊先把簡(jiǎn)答題、作文寫(xiě)好(注：作文一定要寫(xiě)，哪怕只寫(xiě)了幾句中心句，也能得一點(diǎn)分。有時(shí)就這么一、兩分決定你過(guò)沒(méi)過(guò)四、六級(jí))