教你怎樣不看文章直接做題（一）

通過(guò)研究歷屆四、六級(jí)閱讀理解題，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在所列出的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，也有一些普遍性規(guī)律可循。如果考生了解、熟悉并掌握了這些規(guī)律，他(她)們就可以找到做題時(shí)的"第六感覺(jué)"，達(dá)到所謂超常發(fā)揮的水平。如果考生來(lái)不及看文章，萬(wàn)般無(wú)奈下憑這些規(guī)律可以選中不少正確選項(xiàng)。

(一)答案項(xiàng)中有絕對(duì)語(yǔ)氣詞的一般不是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語(yǔ)氣詞有： must, always, never, the most, all, only, have to, any, no, very completely, none, hardly等。

例(1) One of the great changes brought about by the knowledge society is that _____ .(1995年6月六級(jí)題22)

A. the difference between the employee and the employer has become insignificant.

B. people's traditional concepts about work no longer hold true.

C. most people have to take part-time jobs.

D. people have to change their jobs from time to time.

(分析：四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，C、D兩項(xiàng)中都含有"have to"，語(yǔ)氣太絕對(duì)化，一般被排除?？忌谑Ｏ聝身?xiàng)中進(jìn)行選擇，就大大降低了難度。)

例(2) The main idea of this passage is that _____ .(1991年6月六級(jí)題40)

A. better use of green space facilities should be made so as to improve the quality of our life.

B. attention must be directed to the improvement of recreative possibilities.

C. the urban environment is providing more recreation activities than it did many years ago.

D. priority must be given to the development of obligatory activities.

(分析：B、D兩項(xiàng)中均有must be,語(yǔ)氣太絕對(duì)化，故一般被排除。考生結(jié)合短文內(nèi)容在剩下兩項(xiàng)中進(jìn)行選擇，命中率就極高了。)

(二)選項(xiàng)中含有不十分肯定的語(yǔ)氣詞一般是正確答案項(xiàng)。這些語(yǔ)氣詞有： can, could, may, should, usually, might, most(大多數(shù))，more or less, relatively, be likely to, possible, whether or, not necessarily 等。

例(1) It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _____ .(1999年6月四級(jí)題30)

A. Americans are more ambitious than people in other countries

B. in many countries success often depends on one's social status

C. American businesses are more democratic than those in other countries

D. businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America

(分析：選項(xiàng)B中often 一詞，語(yǔ)氣委婉，不十分肯定，故為答案。而其它三項(xiàng)中所表達(dá)出的語(yǔ)氣都明顯絕對(duì)化。)

例(2) According to the passage the problems of college education partly arise from the fact that _____ .

A. society can't provide enough jobs for properly trained college graduates

B. high school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education?

C. too many students have to earn their own living

D. college administrators encourage students to drop out

(分析：答案項(xiàng)C中有have to, 語(yǔ)氣太絕對(duì)化，故被排除。而A項(xiàng)中can't 的語(yǔ)氣則不十分絕對(duì)化，故為答案。)

(三)選項(xiàng)中照抄原文的一般不是答案項(xiàng)，而同義替換的一般是選項(xiàng)。

例(1) According to Dr. David, Americans _____ .(1993年6月六級(jí)題32)

A. are ideally vigorous even under the pressure of life

B. often neglect the unsequences of sleep deficit

C. do not know how to relax themselves properly

D. can get by on 6.5 hours of sleep

(分析：答案項(xiàng)中A、D兩項(xiàng)基本上是原文中句子的原現(xiàn)，故被排除。B項(xiàng)中有often 一詞，語(yǔ)氣委婉，不十肯定，故為答案。)

例(2) According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?(1996年1月六級(jí)題35)

A. Future man will be made of silicon instead of flesh and blood

B. Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man

C. The reasoning power of computers has already surpassed that of man

D. Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.

(分析：A項(xiàng)句子基本上是原文詞句，C項(xiàng)中有already一詞，語(yǔ)氣太絕對(duì)化，故A、C兩項(xiàng)被排除。剩下B、D兩項(xiàng)，而D項(xiàng)中有不十分肯定語(yǔ)氣詞may not,故選D。)

(四)較全面、有針對(duì)性地表達(dá)文章中心思想的，選項(xiàng)一般是答案項(xiàng)。

例(1) which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (1996年1月六級(jí)題25)

A. Musical instruments developed through the years will sooner or later be replaced by computers.

B. Music can't be passed on to future generations unless it's recorded.

C. Folk songs can't be spread for unless they are printed on music sheet.

D. the development of music culture is highly dependent on its material aspect.

(分析：根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容可以看出，A、B、C三項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容都只是從某一個(gè)方面闡述了一種觀點(diǎn)，而D項(xiàng)句子所表達(dá)的意思就較全面，高度囊括了全篇短文的主旨。)

例(2) The first paragraph is mainly about _____ . (1991年6月六級(jí)題22)

A. the teenagers' criticism of their parents

B. misunderstandings between teenagers and their parents

C. the dominance of the parents over their children

D. the teenagers' ability to deal with crisis

(分析：短文意思是講年青人有時(shí)批評(píng)、責(zé)備其父母，認(rèn)為父母對(duì)他們間誤解負(fù)大部分責(zé)任是自然的事。而B(niǎo)項(xiàng)意思是年青人和父母間的誤解;C項(xiàng)意思是父母對(duì)他們孩子的統(tǒng)治;D項(xiàng)指年輕人處理危機(jī)的能力。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，可以明確看出，B、C、D三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容都是從三個(gè)方面來(lái)論述短文觀點(diǎn)的，而A項(xiàng)則較全面地、有針對(duì)性地表達(dá)了文章的中心意思，故為答案。)

(五)選項(xiàng)中表達(dá)意義較具體的、膚淺的(字面意思)一般不是答案項(xiàng)，而概括性的、抽象的、含義深刻的是答案項(xiàng)。

例(1) The population in the 21st century _____ , according to the writer .

A. will be smaller than a few years ago

B. will not be as small as people expect

C. will prove to be a threat to the world

D. will not constitute as serious a problem as expected

(分析：選項(xiàng)A、B中都有small一詞，該詞在文中出現(xiàn)過(guò)，因而總覺(jué)膚淺，是字面之意。C項(xiàng)明顯與文章不符，而D項(xiàng)表達(dá)的意義比small要深刻得多。)

例(2) From the passage it can be seen that employeeship helps one . (1990年1月六級(jí)題)

A. to be more successful in his career

B. to solve technical problems

C. to be more specialized in his field

D. to develop his professional skill

(分析：題意是"從文中看出員工素質(zhì)有助于人們 ...。" B項(xiàng)題即"解決技術(shù)問(wèn)題";C項(xiàng)意即"深化專業(yè)";D項(xiàng)"發(fā)展職業(yè)技能"。這三項(xiàng)表達(dá)的意思都比較具體，而A項(xiàng)則概括地有深度，包括了B、C、D三項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。)

(六)選項(xiàng)中較符合常識(shí)的,易明白的一般不是選項(xiàng);而似乎不太合理，一時(shí)較難理解的往往是正確選項(xiàng)。

例(1) Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _____ .(1999年1月四級(jí)題31)

A. stressing their high quality

B. unlinking him of their low price

C. maintaining a balance between quality and price

D. appealing to his buying motives

(分析：題干問(wèn)的是"廣告會(huì)通過(guò)什么辦法能勸說(shuō)顧客買那些沒(méi)用的產(chǎn)品?"A項(xiàng)意思是通過(guò)強(qiáng)調(diào)質(zhì)量，B項(xiàng)意思是使顧客意識(shí)到其產(chǎn)品價(jià)格低，C項(xiàng)意思是既考慮到質(zhì)量又考慮到價(jià)格。這三項(xiàng)所表達(dá)的意思都是我們?cè)诳磸V告時(shí)能感受到的，生活中天天見(jiàn)到。故這樣的選項(xiàng)一般不是答案。而D項(xiàng)意思是迎合了顧客購(gòu)物心理，乍一看還不太明白，不好理解。而這樣的選項(xiàng)往往是正確答案。)

例(2) Raising children, in the author's opinion, is . (1998年6月四級(jí)題32)

A. a moral duty

B. a thankless job

C. a rewarding task

D. a source of inevitable pain

(分析：題目問(wèn)的是，"依作者觀點(diǎn)，撫養(yǎng)孩子是 "。 依據(jù)我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钏勊?jiàn)，撫養(yǎng)孩子就是A. "一種道德責(zé)任" B."不求回報(bào)的工作"。我們都覺(jué)得撫養(yǎng)孩子是人生義務(wù)，是天經(jīng)地 義的。這兩項(xiàng)太熟悉了，因而一般不是答案。而C項(xiàng)"求回報(bào)的事"，似乎不太合人情味、合乎常識(shí)。但這樣的選項(xiàng)就是答案。D項(xiàng)有inevitable 一詞，語(yǔ)氣太絕對(duì)化，故排除掉。 此外，在作者態(tài)度題中，象中立態(tài)度(neutral)一般不是選項(xiàng)。在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，忽然有一個(gè)選項(xiàng)特別長(zhǎng)或特別短，則此選項(xiàng)往往是正確選項(xiàng)。在兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，如果除個(gè)別字外，其他部分完全一樣，其中往往有一個(gè)是正確選項(xiàng)。"None of the above"往往是用作干擾項(xiàng)。)