大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)聽(tīng)力四大題型全解析

四級(jí)聽(tīng)力題目構(gòu)成與比例

小對(duì)話(huà)： 8% 選擇題共8道對(duì)話(huà)，每題長(zhǎng)約1分鐘

長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)： 7% 選擇題共2段對(duì)話(huà)，每段長(zhǎng)約3分鐘

聽(tīng)力短文： 10% 選擇題共3篇文章，每篇長(zhǎng)約3分鐘

復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)：10% 聽(tīng)寫(xiě)填空填8個(gè)單詞和三句話(huà)，放音三遍，共計(jì)8分鐘

聽(tīng)力位于考試的卷二部分，共占全卷35%。

第一部分：小對(duì)話(huà)

做題方式：視聽(tīng)反向原則、同義替換原則，第二句話(huà)易為考點(diǎn)。

例題：

2009年12月四級(jí)考試第9題

A) She must have paid a lot for the gym. B) She is known to have a terrific figure.

C) Her gym exercise has yielded good results. D) Her effort to keep fit is really praiseworthy.

Woman: I’ve been working out the gym since January. I was a bit out of shape.

Man: You look terrific! It seems that your effort has paid off.

Question: What does the man imply about the woman?

解析：可以明顯看出，本題的答案為C（她的健身房聯(lián)系獲得了好的結(jié)果）。yielded good results和原文中的your effort has paid off產(chǎn)生了替換作用。其中，類(lèi)似gym和terrific、efforts等這樣明顯的詞匯是特別需要慎選的，因?yàn)檫@些詞匯都在原文中被明顯播讀過(guò)。另外本題目中還包括很多有用的說(shuō)法：例如terrific figure （魔鬼身材）paid off（發(fā)生效果），以及重復(fù)考過(guò)的out of shape （身材走樣） 等等。

例題：

請(qǐng)關(guān)注2009年6月幾道小對(duì)話(huà)題目的原文形式和設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

W: There were more than a hundred people at Kate's birthday party. How come she's got so many friends?

M: It's really no surprise. You know she was popular even when she was a child.

Q: What does the man imply about Kate?

M: My washing machine is more than fifteen years old and it has worked just fine until last night。

W: You'll never be able to get parts for it, even from Japan. So it might be time to invest a more recent model。

Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?

W: I heard about your promotion, you must be thrilled。

M: Not really, the new office is huge, but the word load has doubled。

Q: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?

以上三道小對(duì)話(huà)，都把問(wèn)題的設(shè)計(jì)方向安排在第二句的位置上。所以，考生在解題時(shí)需要將自己的聽(tīng)力重點(diǎn)放在第二句上。

第二部分：長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)

做題方式：視聽(tīng)基本一致原則，場(chǎng)景解題原則

視聽(tīng)基本一致的含義是指，聽(tīng)到的原文和看到的選項(xiàng)若基本一致，則選項(xiàng)容易為正確選擇。這一點(diǎn)和短對(duì)話(huà)的原則恰恰相反，請(qǐng)考生一定注意。另外，考生還應(yīng)注意長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)第一回合句，轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系以及語(yǔ)調(diào)變化等。

例題：

2009年12月四級(jí)考試第1篇長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)（部分節(jié)選）：

Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

19. A) He prefers the smaller evening classes C) He has to work during the day.

B) He has signed up for a day course. D) He finds the evening course cheaper.

20. A) Learn a computer language. C) Buy some computer software.

B) Learn data processing. D) Buy a few coursebooks.

答案：C B

聽(tīng)力原文（部分節(jié)選）：

Woman: Hello, Parkson College. May I help you?

Man: Yes. I’m looking for information on courses in computer programming. I would need it for the fourth semester.

W: Do you want a day or evening course?

M: Well, it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day（19題答案點(diǎn)在此處直接被讀出）.

W: Aha. Have you taken any courses in data processing?

M: No.

W: Oh. Well, data processing is a course you have to take（20題答案點(diǎn)在此處被讀到） before you can take computer programming….

19. Why does the man choose to take an evening course?

20. What does the man have to do before taking the course of computer programming?

特別需要指出的是，本題發(fā)生的主題場(chǎng)景就在大學(xué)——Parkson College，學(xué)生向老師咨詢(xún)課程（courses）的內(nèi)容。這時(shí)，做完題目的考生得問(wèn)問(wèn)自己：選修課必修課，大課小課，講座展示，學(xué)分學(xué)時(shí)這類(lèi)詞匯和短語(yǔ)我們都會(huì)說(shuō)么？（具體內(nèi)容請(qǐng)?zhí)貏e關(guān)注本期七大聽(tīng)力高頻詞匯）

第三部分：短文聽(tīng)力

短文聽(tīng)力一般篇幅比較長(zhǎng)，而且問(wèn)題又出現(xiàn)在整個(gè)材料讀完之后，所以對(duì)很多考生來(lái)說(shuō)，如果完全聽(tīng)完材料，再聽(tīng)問(wèn)題最后選擇的話(huà)，就很容易忘記剛剛在材料中所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容，尤其是當(dāng)考察一些細(xì)節(jié)題目的時(shí)侯。針對(duì)這一情況，我們提供如下四種方法，在聽(tīng)材料的同時(shí)選出答案來(lái)。分別是：首尾法、視聽(tīng)一致原則、替換法、短詞題解題法。

1、首尾法：根據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)，一篇聽(tīng)力材料，比較容易出題的地方是這篇材料的前幾句和后幾句。而且分別針對(duì)的是這篇材料所對(duì)應(yīng)題目的第一道和最后一道。因此，對(duì)于“慢熱型（聽(tīng)過(guò)幾句話(huà)之后，才能集中起注意力來(lái)，但這時(shí)很可能第一道題目的正確答案已經(jīng)被讀過(guò)）”的同學(xué)來(lái)說(shuō)，從材料的第一句話(huà)就要開(kāi)始注意聽(tīng)了。一旦錯(cuò)過(guò)了正確答案針對(duì)的那句話(huà)，就可能沒(méi)有機(jī)會(huì)選出正確選項(xiàng)了。下面舉一個(gè)典型的例子：

以2009年6月的四級(jí)考試第三篇短文聽(tīng)力為例，、

Q32: Why is life said to be difficult for Hollywood kids?

Q35: What will probably have negative effects on the lives of Hollywood kids?

32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.

B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.

C) It’s hard for them to get along with other kids.

D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.

35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.

B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.

C) The attention the media focuses on them.

D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.

In Hollywood, everybody wants to be rich, famous and beautiful. Nobody wants to be old, unknown and poor. For Hollywood kids, life can be difficult, because they grow up in such an unreal atmosphere. Their parents are ambitious and the children are part of the parents’ ambitions. （首段）…Hollywood has always been the city of dreams. The kids there live unreal lives where money, beauty and pleasure are the only gods. Will children around the world soon start to think the same? Or do they already? （末段）

根據(jù)首段和末段的內(nèi)容，我們很容易分析出，32題的答案是A，35題的答案是B。

2、同義替換法：如上題，在長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)和短文聽(tīng)力這兩種題型中，約有30％的題目采用了替換法，采用同義的短語(yǔ)或單詞替換。我們依舊以歷年真題中的比較典型的一篇短文聽(tīng)力為例，這篇短文聽(tīng)力共有相對(duì)應(yīng)的四道題目，都可以用我們的替換法解答。

14. A) He didn’t like physics any more. B) His eyesight was too poor.

C) Physics was too hard for him. D) He had to work to support himself.（D）

15. A) He was not happy with the new director.

B) He was not qualified to be an engineer.

C) He wanted to travel.

D) He found his job boring.（A）

16. A) He wanted to work with his friend.

B) He enjoyed traveling around the world.

C) He wanted to go to Spain.

D) He was rejected by the engineering firm.（C）

17. A) He enjoyed teaching English.

B) He wanted to earn more to support his family.

C) The owner of the school promised him a good position.

D) He could earn more as a teacher than as a travel agent.（B）

聽(tīng)力原文（部分）及問(wèn)題如下

When I was at school, my ambition was to be a pilot in the Air Force. But my eyesight wasn't good enough. So I had to give up the idea. I went to university and studies physics. I wanted to stay on there and do research, but my father died at about that time. （14）So I thought I'd better get a job and earn my living. I started working in an engineering firm. I expected to stay in that job for a long time. But then, they appointed a new managing director.（15） I didn't get on with him, so I resigned and applied for a job with another engineering company. …He offered me a job in Spain.（16）And I've always liked Spain, so I took it. I worked in the travel agency for two years and then they wanted to send me to South America. But I had just got married. So I decided to stay here. （17）Then we had a baby and I wasn't earning enough to support the family. So I started giving English lessons at a school in the evening. …

Questions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.

14. Why did the man give up studying physics?

15. Why did the man resign from the engineering firm?

16. Why did the man take the job at the travel agency?

17. Why did the man start to teach English part time?

解析：

14和15是在同義短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)上的替換。

第14題，正確答案是D，是把原文中的結(jié)構(gòu)“earn my living”換成了選項(xiàng)中的“support himself”，其含義是“謀生”。（D）

第15題，正確答案是A，是把原文中的結(jié)構(gòu)“not get on with somebody”換成了選項(xiàng)中的“not happy with somebody”，其含義是“與某人相處的不好”。

16和17題是在句義上的替換。

第16題，正確答案是C，是把原文中的結(jié)構(gòu)“I've always liked Spain”換成了選項(xiàng)中的“He wanted to go to Spain”。

第17題，正確答案是B，是把原文中的結(jié)構(gòu)“I wasn't earning enough to support the family.”換成了選項(xiàng)中的“He wanted to earn more to support his family”。

3、視聽(tīng)一致原則：這個(gè)方法已經(jīng)在之前的長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)中演示過(guò)了。

4、短詞題解題法：短詞題指的是選項(xiàng)只有極少量單詞構(gòu)成，很多時(shí)候只有一個(gè)單詞。解答這種題目采用的方法是“重復(fù)法”，即，哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)中的單詞被讀到的次數(shù)最多就為正確選項(xiàng)，例如，在某年考試中，有些題目被最多地讀到了5次。另外，短詞題的重復(fù)法不僅可以使用于短文聽(tīng)力，而且可以使用為長(zhǎng)對(duì)話(huà)，例如：

2007年12月第24題

A）Translator. B）Travel agent. C）Language instructor. D）Environmental engineer.

其中，A選項(xiàng)中的translator被讀到了3次，可判斷為正確選項(xiàng)。而其他單詞均未被讀到。

第四部分：復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)

復(fù)合式聽(tīng)寫(xiě)要求些八個(gè)單詞和三個(gè)句子。改革之后的四級(jí)考試，它是每年必考的題型，也是考生認(rèn)為最難的一種題型，但并非無(wú)法可解。

首先，針對(duì)于八個(gè)單詞的注意點(diǎn)如下：

第一、注意積累拼寫(xiě)難度較高的詞匯

平時(shí)用慣了電腦的word糾錯(cuò)功能，便對(duì)某些拼寫(xiě)難度較高的詞匯完全漠視。例如assignment（作業(yè)）convenient（方便）government（政府）……其實(shí)，這些單詞不是整體非常難寫(xiě)，而是在某些位置非常難寫(xiě)。例如，convenient的ve是容易寫(xiě)錯(cuò)的，government的n是最容易丟掉的等等…平時(shí)注意訓(xùn)練，上考場(chǎng)時(shí)就坦蕩多了；

第二、注意聽(tīng)寫(xiě)句子的一些技巧

句子共播放三遍，每一遍可以都有不同側(cè)重：

第一遍：先寫(xiě)下句子的開(kāi)頭，尤其是主語(yǔ)，并注意句子的大意；

第二遍：若感覺(jué)句子實(shí)在太難，可以放棄中間部分，努力寫(xiě)下句子的結(jié)尾；

第三遍：努力地把句子中間的部分寫(xiě)出一些。

只有寫(xiě)出完整準(zhǔn)確的句子才可以獲得滿(mǎn)分，但是只寫(xiě)出句子的部分也是可以得到相應(yīng)分?jǐn)?shù)的，所以最忌諱全面放棄。

第三、可以適當(dāng)改寫(xiě)

2006年12月四級(jí)考試聽(tīng)寫(xiě)第一句標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案為：

What we may find interesting is that it usually takes more words to be polite.

若可以聽(tīng)懂大意，則可以寫(xiě)成簡(jiǎn)單的it’s interesting that more words are polite.

另外，聽(tīng)寫(xiě)完畢后的檢查也很重要，最重要的三個(gè)條目是：大小寫(xiě)、時(shí)態(tài)和單復(fù)數(shù)。